The Jianxi Soviet Flashcards
When did Mao form the Jianxi Soviet? Where?
1927, Jingangshan
When did Mao relocate to Ruijin?
1929
How many men did Mao have in the Communists’ First Workers’ and Peasants’ Army?
10,000
What was the significance of Jianxi in terms of developing Mao’s ideology? (3 pt)
- Mass line was developed
- Importance of the peasants
- Revolutionary spirit (more so in Yan’an)
When was the First All-China Congress of the Soviets? Where?
November 1931- Ruijin
What was the significance of the First All-China Congress of the Soviets? (2 pt)
- Mao was proclaimed Chairman of the executive committee of the new Chinese Soviet Republic
- Mao’s policies were declared to be persued
What was Mao’s main job in the Red Army?
Instil in them a sense of self-worth, discipline and direction- he was Chief political commissar
The Red Army were conscripts. True or false?
False- The red army were a volunteer force with conscription being frowned upon
How were the captured Nationalist soldiers treated?
They were sent home with money or offered political training to join the communists
What were the socialist indicators in Red Army Policy? (4 pt)
- Officers wore no badges
- Officers had no privileges
- Officers were forbidden to beat common soldiers
- Soldiers could voice concern or praise officers at large meetings
What were the 3 main rules of discipline?
- Obey all orders in all your actions
- Do not take a single needle or piece of thread from the masses
- Turn in everything captured
What were the 8 points for attention?
- Speak politely
- Pay fairly for what you buy
- Return everything you borrow
- Pay for anything you damage
- Do not hit or swear at people
- Do not damage crops
- Do not take liberties with women
- Do not ill-treat captives
How did the Red Army win respect?
They did not act as other armies, rather as a people’s army:
- Points for attention
- Carried out chores in their spare time
What was Mao and Zhu’s general fighting strategy? Did it work against Chiang’s extermination campaigns?
Guerrilla Warfare: The enemy advances, we retreat The enemy camps, we harass The enemy tires, we attack The enemy retreats, we pursue
Yes
How did Mao go about land reform in Jianxi? Why was this criticised?
- he took a pragmatic approach
- based on social relations in the villages
- moderate, common-sense
- land was redistributed to everyone including rich peasants to support their families
He was not killing and burning enough according to the 28 Bolsheviks
When was Mao replaced as general political commissar for the Red Army? Why?
October 1932
Because Mao’s ideology about the peasants was seen as heretic and his guerrilla tactics were viewed as roving bandit ideology
Mao’s input was further reduced when the Central Committee moved to Ruijin in January 1933
What social reform did Mao implement in Jianxi?
- reading classes for soldiers and peasants
- campaigns against foot-binding, forced marriage and child slavery
- divorce and marriage rights for women
- establishment of a ‘people’s bank’ and a red postal service
How big was the Jianxi Soviet in its final year 1933?
- 30,000 km2
- 3 million people
When were the Futian Purges?
October 1930
What were the Futian Purges?
Began with- Mao instigated purges against Red Army units with suspected loyalty to Li Lisan and had been reluctant to follow Mao’s orders. 1000 were executed and 3000 others were tortured
Continued with- 8th December- survivor Liu Di freed his fellows held in Futian and protested against Mao. Mao called them under the pretence of sorting their differences then executed them
Finished with- 20,000 killed as public denouncements ensued and investigators extracted confessions
