The Internet and The Browser

Question 1

Internet

Answer 1

is a global communication mechanism that ties together thousands of individual networks. It enables the exchange of information between two or more computers on a network. Thus, it helps transfer messages and data through email, talk, video conferencing, etc.

The first was created in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of the World Wide Web

Question 2

ICANN - The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Answer 2

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, better known as ICANN, is responsible for maintaining and organising the Domain Name System (DNS) to ensure that every address is unique and that all internet users can locate all valid addresses.

Question 3

IRTF - Internet Research Task Force

Answer 3

The Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) promotes research of relevance to the evolution of internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology (Internet Research Task Force, 2021).

Question 4

IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force

Answer 4

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) focuses on the shorter-term issues of engineering and standards making of the Internet. They establish working groups that are the primary mechanism for the implementation of IETF standards and guidelines.

Question 5

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Answer 5

The standard protocol for transferring data over the world wide web

Question 6

W3C - World Wide Web Consortium

Answer 6

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community that creates open standards to ensure the long-term development of the Web. W3C creates interoperable technologies (specifications, standards, applications, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential.

Question 7

Search Engine

Answer 7

is a software system designed to carry out web searches. They search the World Wide Web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query.

Question 8

The browser

Answer 8

is a piece of software that displays and explores content on the World Wide Web, such as web pages, photographs, videos, and other files.

Question 9

Extensions

Answer 9

that add capabilities to the browser. Extensions and tools that block ads help you translate a language, take notes, display the best shopping deals on the Internet, or play music. These are examples of some of the extensions you can add to the browser.

Question 10

Cookies

Answer 10

are files that websites use to store information about you. They are saved on your machine and will be available the next time you visit the website.

Question 11

HTML (or Hypertext Markup Language)

Answer 11

is very common and possibly the simplest form of web code.

Question 12

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

Answer 12

is a programming language used to style and layout web pages, such as changing the font, colour, scale, and spacing of text, splitting it into several columns, and adding animations and other decorative elements.

Question 13

JavaScript

Answer 13

a web page does more than show static details for one to look at, like showing inline content changes, interactive charts, animated graphics in 2D or 3D, scrolling video, run games etc., JavaScript is probably involved.

Question 14

PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)

Answer 14

is an open-source server-side scripting language embedded in HTML to build interactive websites and web applications.

Question 15

SQL (Structured Query Language)

Answer 15

is often found on the Internet, and its function is to access databases. It can commonly be used with HTML, JavaScript and PHP to access and input information from an online form to a database.

Question 16

Web protocols

Answer 16

Protocols are used by a web browser to load a webpage.

Question 17

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Answer 17

is a well-known communication protocol for sending and receiving data over a network. It separates any message into a series of packets sent from the source to the destination, where they are reassembled.

Question 18

Internet Protocol (IP)

Answer 18

is deliberately built as an addressing protocol. It’s mainly associated with TCP. The IP addresses in packets aid in routing them across various network nodes before reaching the destination device. TCP/IP is the most commonly used protocol for linking networks.

Question 19

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Answer 19

is a supplementary communication protocol for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to create loss-tolerant and low-latency connections between different applications.

Question 20

Post Office Protocol (POP)

Answer 20

POP3 is used for receiving incoming email.

Question 21

Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)

Answer 21

is used to send and distribute outgoing email.

Question 22

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Answer 22

Users can use FTP to transfer files from one computer to another. File types include program files, multimedia files, text files, and records, among others.

Question 23

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Answer 23

is used to transmit hypertext between two or more systems. HTML tags are used to build hyperlinks. These links can take any type, such as text or images. HTTP is based on client-server concepts, which allow a client device to link to a server machine and make a request. The server accepts the client’s request and reacts appropriately.

Question 24

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

Answer 24

stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure is a common protocol for securing contact between two devices, one of which uses a browser and the other retrieving data from a web server. HTTP is used for transmitting data in the hypertext format between the client browser (request) and the webserver (response), similar to HTTPS, except that the data is transferred in an encrypted format. As a result, HTTPS prevents hackers from interpreting or modifying data while packets are being transferred.

Question 25

Telnet

Answer 25

is a set of rules that allows one device to communicate with another. The method of connecting is referred to as remote login in this context. The local computer is the device that demands the connection, and the remote computer is the system that acknowledges the connection.

Question 26

TLS

Answer 26

is a secure, encrypted link. TLS was designed to provide communication security over a computer network.