The Integumentary System (The Skin)

Question 1

how does the integumentary system contribute to homeostasis

Answer 1

by protecting the body and helping regulate body temperature

allows us to sense pleasurable, painful,
and other stimuli from our external environment

Question 2

integumentary system includes

Answer 2

skin, hair, oil and sweat glands,
nails, and sensory receptors

Question 3

integumentary system main function

Answer 3

• Regulate body temperature
• Store blood
• Protect the body from our external environment
• Detect cutaneous (skin) sensations
• Excrete and absorb substances
• Synthesize vitamin D

Question 4

skin 2 main parts

Answer 4

epidermis

dermis

Question 5

epidermis

Answer 5

superficial, thinner portion of the skin which is made up of epithelial tissue

It is avascular, meaning there is no blood located in this type of thin tissue

Question 6

dermis

Answer 6

the much deeper, thicker connective tissues
which is vascular, meaning if you cut into the dermis there is bleeding

Question 7

subcutaneous tissue

Answer 7

also known as the hypodermis

Deep into the dermis

consists of areolar and adipose tissues.

Fibers that extend from the dermis anchor the skin to the subcutaneous tissue, which in
turn attaches to underlying fascia, the connective tissue around muscles and bones

Question 8

what does subcutaneous tissue do?

Answer 8

serves as storage for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin

contains nerve endings known as lamellar corpuscles which are sensitive to the sensation of pressure

Question 9

epidermis contains

Answer 9

made up of keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium cells

contains four basic types of cells, these are:
1. Keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes
3. Dendric cells
4. Tactile epithelial cells

Question 10

Keratinocytes

Answer 10

are responsible for 85% of the skin structure

arranged in four or five layers and produce a protein called keratin

produce something called lamellar granules

Question 11

keratin

Answer 11

a tough, fibrous protein that helps protect
the skin and underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals

Question 12

lamellar granules

Answer 12

release a water repellent like sealant that decreases water entry and loss and inhibits the entry of foreign materials through the skin

Question 13

Melanocytes

Answer 13

create roughly 8% of the skin’s structure,

our pigment producing cells

They migrate from the ectoderm of a developing embryo and produce the pigment melanin

Question 14

melanin

Answer 14

a yellow-red or brown-black pigment that
contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging ultraviolet (UV) light

Question 15

how melanin works

Answer 15

Within the keratinocytes, melanin granules cluster to form a protective veil over the nucleus to shield the nuclear DNA from damage by UV light

melanocytes themselves are particularly sensitive to UV light damage.

Question 16

Dendric

Answer 16

also known as Langerhans cells

come from red bone marrow and
migrate to the epidermis where they make up about 5% of the skin structure

are part of the immune system and are in charge of immune responses mounted
against microbes that seek to invade the skin

Question 17

Tactile epithelial cells

Answer 17

also known as Merkel cells,

he least numerous of our skin cells, making up only about 2% of our skin structure.

located in the deepest layer of the epidermis, where they make contact with the flattened process of a sensory neuron.

detect touch sensations

Question 18

thin skin
epidermis has 4 strata (layers)

Answer 18

stratum basale

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosu

thin stratum corneum

Question 19

thick skin
epidermis has 5 strata (layers)

Answer 19

stratum basale

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

thick stratum corneum

Question 20

dermis

Answer 20

second and deeper part of the skin.

composed of dense, irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers.

tensile strength (ability for pulling and stretching).

ability to stretch and recoil easily.

much thicker than the epidermis, and this thickness varies from region to region in the body, reaching its greatest thickness on the palms and soles.

Question 21

ANATOMY OF A HAIR

Answer 21

Each hair is composed of columns of dead, keratinized epidermal cells bonded together by extracellular proteins

receive their own blood supply and epidermal stem cells

Question 22

hair follicle

Answer 22

made up of an external root sheath and an internal root sheath

Question 23

Sebaceous glands

Answer 23

also known as oil glands, are connected to your hair follicles

secrete an oily substance called sebum which is a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins, and inorganic salts

Question 24

Sudoriferous glands

Answer 24

t produces sweat which is released into hair follicles or onto the skin surface through pores

Question 25

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 25

simple, coiled tubular glands that are much more common than apocrine sweat glands.

They are distributed throughout the skin of most regions of the body, especially on the skin of the forehead, palms, and soles of the feet

sweat produced by eccrine sweat glands consists primarily of water, with small amounts of ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glycose, and lactic acid

help regulate body temperature through evaporation.

Question 26

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 26

coiled tubular glands, but have larger ducts and lumens than eccrine glands.

They are found mainly in the skin of the armpit, groin, areolae of the breasts, and bearded regions of the face in adult males

apocrine sweat appears milky or yellowish in color.

Apocrine sweat contains the same components as eccrine sweat plus lipids and proteins.

Sweat secreted from apocrine sweat glands is odorless.

apocrine sweat interacts with bacteria on the surface of the skin, the bacteria metabolize its components, causing apocrine sweat to have a musky odour that is often referred to as body odour

Question 27

ceruminous gland

Answer 27

modified sweat gland located in the external ear and produces a waxy lubricating secretion

cerumen, or ear wax.

Cerumen impedes the entrance of foreign bodies and insects, and also waterproofs the ear canal and prevents the entry of fungi and some bacteria to the cell.