The Integumentary System I Flashcards
the study of the skin’s functions is referred to as
skin physiology
other than the brain, what is the most complex and largest organ
the skin
the microscopic study of the skin’s tissue
in histology
the skin and its layers make up what is called
the integumentary system
the study of the skin its structure, functions, diseases and treatment
dermatology
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the skin, hair and nails
dermatologist
the skin performs six primary functions
protection, absorption, secretion, excretion, regulation, and sensation
tiny opentings or ‘passageways’ which allow sweat or sebum(oil) to pass through the surface of the skin
pores
an opening that contains the root of a hair within it
hair follicle
the skin shields internal tissues form toxins such as pollutants, smoke… The layers of the skin contain cells that provide immune functions to entire body.
Protection
vitamins and acids, along with water and oxygen, are absorbed by thousands of pores on the surface of the skin to provide necessary moisture, nourishment and protection.
Absorption
a complex mixture of fatty substances that keeps the skin soft, supple and pliable.
Sebum
the skin is the body’s largest waste removal system. Toxins and waste material, such as carbon dioxide, are released through the sweat glands and pores.
Excretion
the body maintains an internal temperature of 98.6 degrees fahrenheit. skin regulates the body’s temperature through mechanisms such as shivering and goosebumps.
The skin also changes blood flow to regulate body temperature.
Regulation
the surface of the skin contains millions of nerve end fibers that transport stimuli sent from the brain and spinal cord to the corresponding parts of the body.
Sensation
the primary component of skin cells is a protein substance called.
Keratin
makes up the fingernails
Hard Keratin
hair and skin is made up of
soft keratin
“Cuticle or scarf skin”
Epidermis
“Derma, Corium, Cutis or true skin”
Dermis
“Subcutis or subdermis” Adipose fatty tissue
Subcutaneous
the epidermis is primarily composed of __________, which consist of the protein keratin.
Keratinocytes
the epidermis is also made up of _______ ____, which cover and protect the inside of the body.
Epithelial Cells
the toughest layer of the epidermis.
continually shed and replaced by new cells form the layers below.
Stratum Corneum
the chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells.
Keratinization
on the exposed surface of the skin these keratinocytes remain tightly interconnected by intercellular connections called ________. this interconnectedness makes this layer water resistant.
Desmosomes
the ______ ____ within this layer protect the layers below the stratum corneum. the main function is protection.
Squamous Cells
protects the skin’s moisture balance by acting as barrier to moisture loss.
Stratum Corneum
is found throughout the body but is thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. a transparent layer.
Stratum Lucidum
the cells are more regularly shaped and resemble many tiny granules. these granules (dying cells) are on their way to the skin’s surface to replace cells that are shed from the Stratum Corneum.
Stratum Granulosum
(structures or components that perform specific functions for each cell) begin to disintegrate and cells die.
Organelles
Which layers of epidermis are all dead cells?
Stratum Granulosum, Lucidum and Corneum
often called the spiny layer because of the desmosomes (intercellular connections) that appear as “spines” between the cells. provide strength and support between cells.
Stratum Spinosum (8 - 10 layers)
also found in the stratum spinosum layer and help protect eh body form infection.
Langerhans Cells
your body has a sort of early defense system that continually searches out foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxic materials. these foreign substances, known as _____, provoke an immune response in the body.
Antigens
the _ ____ (immune cells) recognize and antigens displayed on the Langerhans cell to assist in destroying them.
T-cells
the basal layer. contains basal cells that continually divide through a process called mitosis, to replace the cells that are lost from the cornified (keratinized) outermost layer, the stratum corneum.
Stratum Germinativum
one layer of cell within the stratum germinativum, which contains specialized cellular connections, called. (half a desmosome)
Hemidesmosomes
are touch receptors, or sensory cells, that are only found in thick skin (without hair) in the stratum germinativum.
Merkel Cells
give skin its color and are not found in thick skin such as the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet.
Melanocytes
Melanocytes produce melanin, which is packaged in intracellular vesicles called
Melanosomes
“true skin” 25 times thicker than the epidermis and nourishes the lower epidermis. main support structure, comprised of many connective tissues and is rich in capillaries and blood vessels.
Dermis
UVA =?
UVB =?
UVC =?
Aging
Bruning
Cancer
responsible for the formation of fibers and aid in the production of collagen and elastin.
Fibroblast Cells
a strong protein substance that, when broken down, forms bundles that strengthen and give structure to the skin. 70% of the dermis.
Collagen
