Anatomy I Flashcards
To understand Anatomy
the study of the organs and systems of the body
Anatomy
the study of the functions of these organs and systems
Physiology
the study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Gross Anatomy
the study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope
Histology
____ the basic units of life. composed of _________. a colorless gel like substance that contains water, salt and nutrients obtained from food.
Cells.
Protoplasm
control centre of cell activities, is vitally important for reproduction
Nucleus
the production department of the cell
Cytoplasm
perform most of the cell’s activities
Organelles
outer surface of the cell
Cell membrane
human cells reproduce by dividing in half, a process referred to as ______, or indirect division.
Mitosis
the chemical process by which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction is known as
Metabolism
the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
Anabolism
the process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones
Catabolism
covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs.
Epithelial tissue
suppors, protects and holds the body together
Connective tissue
carried messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions
Nerve tissue
contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion
Muscular tissue
carries food, waste products and hormones
Liquid tissue
which removes the toxic by-products of digestion
Liver
which eliminate water and waste products
Kidneys
the body’s largest organ, which forms the external protective layer of the body
Skin
controls growth, health and reproduction
Endocrine
covers and protects the entire body
Integumentary
___ bones of different shapes and sizes, each attached to others at movable or immovable joints
206
the study of bones
Osteology
there are _ bones that compose the cranium
8
there are __ bones that compose the facial skeleton.
14
_ bones are affected by facial massage
9
the lower jaw and the largest bone of the facial skeleton
Mandible
the seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column, are often lightly massaged during a facial treatment
Cervical vertebrae
______ the bony cage made up of the spine, or ______ _______, the sternum and 12 ribs.
Thorax, Thoracic vertebrae
the eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus
Carpals
the five long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand
Metacarpals
the __ bones that form the digits or fingers. each finger has _ ______, while the thumb has only two
Phalanges
14， 3 Phalanges.
the study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles.
Myology
there are more than ___ large and small muscles in the body, which account for approximately 40% of the body’s weight
500
MAPS
movement
attachment
protection
shape
located below or smaller than
Inferioris
lifts up
Levator
_______ or _______ muscles respond to conscious commands
Voluntary, striated
_______ or ________ muscles respond automatically to control various body functions, including the internal organs
Involuntary, non-striated
______ muscle is the muscle of the heart itself and the only muscle of its type in the human body
Cardiac (heart)
the nonmoving (fixed) portion of the muscle attached to bones or other fixed muscle.
Origin
the term applied to the midsection of the muscle, between the two attached sections
Belly
the portion of the muscle joined to movable attachments: bones, movable muscles or skin
Insertion
the bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscle to bones
Tendons
the dense, strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect the bones to each other
Ligaments
the ____ or ________ is covered by a broad muscle called the __________.
Scalp, epicranium, epicranius
the ________ muscle extends from the forehead to the top of the skull.
Frontalis
___ ___ muscle is located above the ear
Auricularis superior
located under the eyebrows, controls the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward
Corrugator
located above the eyelids, opens the eyelid.
Levator palpebrae superioris
located below the lower lip, pulls the lower lip down or to the side, as in expressing sarcasm
Quadratus labii inferioris ( also known as the depressor labii inferioris )
located above the corners of the mouth, raises the angle of the mouth as in snarling
Caninus (also known as the legator anguli oris)
located above and in front of the ear and opens and closes the jaw
Temporalis ( as in chewing, or mastication )
