The integumentary system Flashcards
what is skin made up of ?
epithelial tissue
what are the 4 key properties of the integumentary (skin) system ?
- covers organs and lines cavaties
- anchores to connective tissue
- rapid heals the epithelium
- largest organ in body
what is the parts of the body are in the system
skin, hair , nails and glands
what are the 4 factors that can affect the integumentary?
- diet
- heredity
- hormones
- enviroment (uv)
why is skin so important ?
it provides visible indication of clinical condition and dysfunction of the aging process
what are the 5 function of the integumentary system ?
- protective barrier
- regulation of body temperature
- sensory reception
- synthesis of material
- absorbtion and processing of chemicals (drugs and toxins)
what are the 4 protective barriers and what do they do?
- Keratin control water loss
- Melanin pigments protect against UV
- Langerhans cell fight infections
- oily secretions waterproofs the body
what 3 things regulate body temperature ?
homeostasis (37) overall , sweat glands , blood vessels
what is sensory reception in the integumentary system?
passes on external stimulation to the CNS
what does the skin synthesizes ?
melanin , keratin and precursor to vit D
what is the 3 layer structure of skin in order
1, epidermis
2. dermis
3 hypodermis
what are 2 type of epithelium ?
- simple squamous (flat)
- stratified squamous - outer layer
what are the 3 components of the epidermis ?
- squamous epithelium
- more nerve fibres than blood vessels
- contains keratinocytes, melanocyted and langerhan cells
how is the formation of the epidermal layer and whats the turnover ?
cells originate from basal layer and with cell division they push up towards the body surface and fill with keratin and there is a 28 days turn over
what are the 5 properties of the dermis ?
- deeper and thicker than epidermal layer
- binds to tissues
- made up of dense CT( collegan)
- contains nerve endings ,oil and sweat glands
- regulates body temperature
what are the 4 properties of the hypodermis and what is it made up of
- the deepest layer
- attached skin to muscles
- made up of loose CT (elastin)
4.insulate body
what are the 5 age related changes in the epidermis layer ?
- it overall thins with age
- increased permability
3.loss of sebaceous (oil )glands - decrease is meloncytes
5.decrease in langerhans cells
what are the 4 age related changes in the dermis level ?
1 cross- linking of collagen due to its dense CT
2. decrease of sweat glands (heat exhaustion)
3.. decrease in blood flow to dermis
4. stiffness
what are the 3 age related changes in the hypodermis level ?
- loss of fat cells (wrinkling and sagging)
- decreased insulation
- loss of thermoregulation
what are the 3 properties of hair follicles ?
- extends the epidermis into the dermis
- blood vessels nourish the bulb
- shaft composed of 2-3 layers of keratin
what are the 4 consequences of aging skin ?
- decreased rate of healing
- visible blood vessels
3 . less control of body temperature - brown spots
what is photoaging and some consequences
skin changes due to uv radiation can lead to thinkened epidermis and lost of elasticity , wrinkles
what is the most common form of cancer in humans and who type of group of people is it common in
skin cancer it is common in elederly due to exposure of sunlight but not really life threatining
what is the difference between bengin and malignant cancers ?
bengin cancer is where the dermal region has not been penitrated and non life threatining , malignant cancer is where the dermal layer is pentrated and life threatining
what are two common forms are skin cancers and what are thjey
- basal cell carcinoma ( 80% of skin cancer) it is a rarely maglnant more form that orignates in the basal layer the can invade other layers, shows up a a small red patch
- Squamous cell carcinoma (20% skin cancer) come from sunlight exposure and is a maligant and spreads shows up as a black wart
what are 3 treatments for basal and squamous carinoma ?
cyrosurgery
curettage dessication
surgical excison
what are 3 facts about maligant melanoma where does it devlelop ?
- common in people aged 50 -70
- develops in meloncytotesor pre exisiting moles
3, faster growing cancer
what is the most dangerous skin cancer and what cause it and where is found
the most dangerous is maglinant melanoma and it uncrontrollable growth of melanocytes found in upper back of men and women and lower legs of women
what are the 3 risk factors that cause melonomia ?
- sunlight
- family history of melanoma
- fair skin
what are 6 other age related disorders of skin and explanation of each ?
- Lentigo- the deposition of melanin on hands or face
- Purpura- purple shaped patches in limbs
- Angiomas- clusters of broken capillaries , are bright red spots all over the body
- Acrochordon- skin tags found in chest,neck eye lids
- Xerosis- rough dry scaly skin due to loss of oil glands
- Shingles- nerve inflammation between 50 -70 yrs
what are pressure ulcers aka bed sores and what causes it and where does it show up
lession of skin and underlying tissue death by compressed to a bone it it cause by unreleived pressue that affects blood flow, 95% in lower body
who are at risk of pressue ulcers and what are the percetanges in canada?
bedridden, wheel chair people , in canada there are
25% in acute facilities
30 % in nursing homes
22%in health care
15% at home
what are the 4 stages of pressure ulcers?
stage I: intact skin with redness
stage II : loss of dermis layer with a shallow opening
Stage III: full tissue loss , fat can be visible
Stage 4 : tissue loss with exposed bone
what are the 4 things that contribute to pressure ulcers and explain
- Shearing forces- sliding of tissue layers over a surface
2.Friction Forces : damage to skin at surface du to sheets being moved across body
3.Moisture: weaken cells membrane and allowing more pressue to be felt
what are the treatments of ulcers stages ?
- assessing the wound
- removal of dead tissue
- cleaning the wound
- putting a moisture gauze
