AGEs Flashcards
what are the two main sources AGEs humans are exposed to ? (Advanced Glycation End products )
Exogenous -from food
endogenous - formed in body
how do AGEs (Advanced Gylcation End products) cross link, 4 step
- a glucose and amino group join to make a schiff base
- amadori product
- glucose derived structure
- AGE product
what do AGEs do?
can cross link between 2 collagen fibres and cross link proteins
what is the exogeneous source of AGEs formed and what are some food examples
it is formed when food is made at elevated temperature (deep frying, roasting etc )
cheeses , processed meats
what is the study on exogenous AGEs in the body ?
10% of dietary AGEs are absorbed by humans and 2/3 remain in the body and cross link
when are the endogenous AGEs formed ?
it is formed during aging and diabetics
what 4 disease are older adults at risk of with elevated levels of AGEs ?
- Alzhermiers
- cardiovascular disease
- diabetes
- anemia (weak muscles)
what 6 parts of the body are at risk because of AGEs
- muscle
- bone
- heart
- lung
- skin
- lens of eye
how do AGEs affect blood vessels
we have a loss of elascity and increased collegan and crosslinked collagen that can lead to fibrosis and overall increase blood pressure
how do AGEs affect the brain ?
it can lead to elderly cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disease
how do AGEs affect the skin ?
loss of elastin that leads to skin wrinkles and saging
how do AGEs affect the kidney ?
its decrease the functional with age as AGEs accumulate and lead to damage of the capillaries and renal disease
what is sclerosis in the kidney ?
where cross links decrease the permability of caps and thickins caps walls
how do AGEs affect the eye ?
the AGEs accumulate in the lens and retina with aging leading to clouding (cataract) of the lens
how do AGEs affect the bone ?
deteriation in bone tissue and bone density with age and increase stiffness
how do AGEs affect the muscle ?
increased muscle stiffness due to cross links of collagen
how do AGEs affect the DNA ?
it decreases transcription and DNA repair as the sugars in DNA. can be crosslinked
what are 3 strategies to reduce AGEs
- reduce dietary AGEs
- pharmacy treatment - aminogunidine, metformin ,aspirin
- exercise
what 3 things about aminoguanidine do?
1removes AGEs
2.reduces formation of Lipfucsions
3. prevents athercloris, cartaratcs
what is type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Type 1: insulin dependant, at young
type 2: non insulin dependent, mature onset
what are found in diabetics ?
they have high glucose level that react with hemoglobin in RBC to form an amadori product through the AGE process and modify it to HbA1c
what is the level of HbA1c in non normal and normal diabetics ?
3-5% in normal people
6.5 -20% diabetics
how to check if your diet or exercise is working to reduce glucose levels
as red blood cells turn over every 120 days you can exercise and diet during that period and clinically check if they had an effect
what are 4 early symptoms diabetics tend to have ?
- cataracts
- heart attacks
- stiff joint
- kindey failure
