Lipofuscin, Connective Tissues Flashcards
what do lipofuscions consist of and what are they hard to break down
strong cross-linked molecules of lipids, Protein , DNA
they are insoluble and cant be broken down by lyzsomes due to its links
what type of cell can lipfusions be found in and how much space does it take in the cytoplasm
found in post mitotic cells like neurons, muscles, brain
and they take up 30% of the cytoplasm
what is the 3 effect of lipfuscions as ceullar garbage ?
- loss of cytoplasm mass
- loss of mitochondria
- loss of RER (protein synthesis)
what is the cross linkage theory ?
increasing age forms new cross links between macromolecules ( protein , DNA, lipids)
what does a normal and abnormal X link look like
normal-s shaped protein with specific function
abnormal- C shaped and decrease of functional capacity of S-shaped protein
what can cross linking lead to ?
altered structure and function of cells,tissue and organs
what are tissue ?
like cells that perform specific function
what are organs?
a structuee composed of two or more tissues
what is an x linked protein example and what is does
it is a structural protein that makes up a part of connective tissue in the body and 30% of body protein
what are 4 tissue types ?
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
what are the 3 elements of connective tissue ?
matrix
fibers
living cells
what are 3 general facts about CT ?
- found throughout the body
- most abunant tissue by weight
- function- binding , repair, protection
what are the 4 cell types in loose CT
- macrophages
- mast cells
- fibroblast
- adipose cells
what are function of macrophages in loose CT?
they contain lysosomes that destroy foreign cells
what are function of mast cells in loose CT?
they repair
what are function of fibroblast in loose CT?
they are most common cell type and produces fibers and secrets matrix material
what are function of fat adipose cells in loose CT?
they store fat, give energy and insulation
what are the 2 fibre types in CT?
elastic loose and collagen dense
what are the feature and function of the elastic fiber type ?
its composed of the protein elastin that is a thin and elastic but is able to stretch and recoil but it is weaker than collegen
where is elastic fiber found ?
lungs skin arteries
what are the feature and function of the collagen fiber type ?
is it composed of the protein collegen that hold structure together its tough,thick and flexible and resist strechings
where can collagen be found ?
tendon, ligaments and dermis
what are the 3 classifcation of CT ?
- adipose
- loose
- dense
what are the 4 things of adipose tissue and where is it found
- specialized connective tissue in the form of fat
- found in skin and around organs
- protective
- source of energy
what are 4 things about loose connective tissue ?
- support
- has elasticity
- forms thin membrane throughout the body
- serves as matrix for blood vessels
what are 4 things about dense connective tissue
- made up of only collagen fibres
- strong tissue
- has poor blood supply
- slow healing process
what happens to tissues as we age ?
collagen last longer in the body and its solubility decreases , we began to loose elastin due to cross linking with collagen and we began to replace elastin with collagen make less elastic within cells which is an increase of fibrosis
what is fibrosis ?
a disease where we unable to dilate and constrict due to the replacement collagen so we loose cell function
