Midterm 1 starting from lecture 10 Flashcards
what are the two type of cell and what are they exactly
germ cell are egss and sperm
somatic are non gamete cells
what are the 2 things on the cellular level that the human body is composed of ?
cells and matrix
what is 4 things about matrix ?
1.non cellular
2. between cells
3. collagen and elastin
4. supportive
what is the survival and reproduction theory ?
it states that when reproduction occurs there is a decline in physiology and biological resources in species and aging begins
what is mutation accumulation theory ?
thought to be genetic where new alleles ( may be deleterious) may accumate via mutation and are expressed after reproductive years ( acts later in life) and are passed down to progeny before showing effects
what is a programmed events
like a biological clock (the hyptothalomus)where genes turn on/off that regulate life span
what is antagonistic pleiotropy theory ?
it is where a single gene may produce more than one trait can start off positive but as time passes becomes negative
what is are 2 examples of antagonistic pleotropy theorty
- estrogen allows high fertility but can give breast cancer later in life
- Apolipoprotein can provide more brain power early in life but lead to alzheimers
p53 suppress tumour but causes apoptosis
calcification strong bones but leads to heart disease
what are 4 factors of programmed aging ?
- strict sequence of genetic events in organism
- growth ,development and aging are all genetically coded
3.genes dictate how fast we will age and die - it can influence onset
can parents influence your longetivity ?
yes parents can influence longevity as it is proven from 3 studies inclding hydes study longer lived parents havel onger lived children due to genes and parenting styles
what is the percentage of genes that influence longevity in a human life span
25%
what are supercentenarians?
people who are 110+
what are the 2 key facts about centerains ?
- atleast half of them have first degree relatives, grandparents ,siblings who died very old
- 90% of centenarians live independently at the age of 90
what are SNPs stand for and key for ?
single nucleotide polymorphims of people who are 90 -100+ genoromes are looked at to look for canaidate genes and usually come from chromosome 4 that is influced by many allleles
what is the study on adopted children
adopted children biological pareents died yoing so they will die young too
what is the difference between monzygotic twins and faternal twins
monozygotic twins die closers to eachter than fraternal
does lifestlye(enviroment) or gentics play more of a role in longevity in adoption
enviroment is stronger than genetics when it come to longevity in adoption and twins
what does it mean if MZ has a high cordence ?
that mean dizygotic twins have a higher gentic compenent
what is progerias ?
it means premature aging disease (genetic disorders )
what are 5 facts about hutchison gilford syndrome?
- rare
- hits in infancy period
- different facial apperance
- cardiovascular problems
- die youngs
what are 4 examples are wener syndrome
- an adult progeria
- develops at puberty
- die around 50
4 rare autosomal recessive disease
what wrnp ?
its is a site of replication and help with dna repair and correction
what are gerontogenes
genes that are implicatedi n aging
what is the hayflick limit ?
whre cells will divide and reproduce only a limited amout of time and the number is genetically programmed
what is an example of hayflicks limit ?
cells from fetal tissue can double about 50 time but then loose the ability to the die than all the cells wii die
what are hayflicks 4 finding ?
- the age of donor (younger donor more doubling of cells )
2.species specific ( populution doublind related to logevity - progeria (short l.s)
4.cell memory (can double 50 x)
where do they think aging occurs?
inside the cell as they have of a fixed number of time they can divide
