The Integumentary System Flashcards
The functions of the integumentary system are…
Protection, excretion, maintenance of body temperature, synthesizing vitamin D, storage of nutrients and sensory reception.
What kind of cells are in the epidermis?
Stratified squamous cells
Which cells are the most abundant in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
They produce keratin which is a tough fibrous protein that gives the skin strength and makes it water resistant.
Which cells produce pigment in the epidermis?
Melanocytes
Which cells make up the nerve endings in the epidermis?
Merkel cells
Which cells are the immune system cells in the epidermis?
Langerhans cells and dendritic cells
What are the five layers of the epidermis, starting from the basal laminate towards the surface of the skin?
- Stratum germinativum (stratum basale)
This is where the basal cells are located - Stratum spinosum
8-10 layers of keratinocytes, langerhans cells are here - Stratum granulosum
3-5 layers of keratinocytes - Stratum lucidum
Only in the palms of hands and soles of feet - Stratum corneum
15-30 layers of dead keratinocytes
Name the two layers of the dermis.
Papillary layer - most superficial, just under the epidermis
Reticular layer - deeper and thicker layer
Dermis contains blood vessels, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, nerve endings, lymphatic vessels
What is the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer?
It’s the facial layer that attaches the skin to the underlying structures such as muscle or tissues. It is composed of adipose tissue and areolar connective tissue.
What are the four accessory structures of the skin?
Hair follicles and hair
Sebaceous glands
Sudoriferous glands
Nails
What are the guidelines for identifying possible skin cancers?
A - asymmetry
B - border
C - color
D - diameter
E - evolving
What is the cause of chickenpox?
Varicella zoster (type of herpes)
Incubation: 10-21 days
Widespread
1-2 days of fever before a rash in adults
Children have a rash first
What is the cause of measles (Rubeola)?
Rubeola virus (paramyxovirus)
Incubation from exposure to fever is 10-12 days, exposure to rash is approximately 14 days
First sx is a fever for 2-4 days then cough/runny nose. Koplik spots form in the mouth 1-2 days before a body rash.
What is the cause of smallpox?
Variola major 90% of cases
Variola minor 10% of cases
Incubation is 7-17 days after exposure
1st sx: HA, fatigue, and body aches for 2-4 days then rash that begins in the mouth/throat, then spread to face and body.
What is the cause of herpes simplex?
Herpes symplex I (oral)
Herpes symplex II (genital)
Incubation is about 2-7 days after exposure
