BioMed Day 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the anterior knee?

A

L4

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2
Q

Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the belly button?

A

T10

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3
Q

Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the nipples?

A

T4

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4
Q

Which nerve roots supplies dermatomes at the perineum?

A

S2, S3, S4

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5
Q

Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the top of the foot?

A

L5

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6
Q

Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the thumb?

A

C6

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7
Q

Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the bottom of the foot?

A

S1

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8
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins that are in the acronym DEKA?

A

Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin A

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9
Q

Why are there more instances of toxicity with fat soluble vitamins than water soluble?

A

Excess fat soluble vitamins are stored in the body while water soluble are excreted in the urine.

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10
Q

Most infants are born with a defiency in what vitamin? They are given an injection of this to prevent hemrrohaging.

A

Vitamin K

This vitamin is naturally made by the microbiome in the digestive tract. Infacts are born with a relatively clean digestive system, thus typically have a vitamin K deficiency.

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11
Q

Which foods are naturally rich in vitamin K?

A

Green leafy vegetables

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12
Q

The action of Warfarin is to prevent the synthesis of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin K

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13
Q

Warfarin or Heparin is safe for pregnancy?

A

Heparin is safe. Warfarin can cause issues with fetal development.

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14
Q

Warfarin or Heparin is given only in a hospital setting via IV fluids?

A

Heparin

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15
Q

What is the antidote for Warfarin?

A

Vitamin K

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16
Q

What is the therapeutic effective IRN range for people taking Warfarin for disorders such as atrial fibrillation or a blood clot in the legs/lungs?

A. 1.1 or below
B. 1 to 2
C. 2 to 3
D. 5 to 6

A

C. 2 to 3

INR = International Normalized Ratio

If INR is too low, clots won’t dissipate

If INR is too high, the risk of bleeding too high

17
Q

What is the drug treatment of choice for afib?

A. Anticoagulants
B. Thrombolytics
C. COX inhibitors
D. Antipsychotics

A

A. Anticoagulants

18
Q

Which of the following drugs treat afib?

A. Warfarin/Coumadin, Rivaroxaban/Xarelto
B. Clopidogrel/Plavix, Aspirin
C. Alteplase/tPA, Streptokinase
D. Celecoxib/Celebrex, Meloxicam/Mobic

A

A. Warfarin/Coumadin, Rivaroxaban/Xarelto

19
Q

What is the name of a blood clot that is attached to the wall of a vein or artery?

A. Thrombus
B. Embolus

A

A. Thrombus

20
Q

What is a foreign object (like a clot or piece of tissue) that is circulating in the bloodstream?

A. Thrombus
B. Embolus

A

B. Embolus

21
Q

Which of the following anti-thrombotic drugs can dissolve an already formed thrombus/clot?

A. Anticoagulant
B. Antiplatelet
C. Thrombolytics

A

C. Thrombolytics

Anticoagulants (Warfarin, Heparin) block the growth of clots.

Antiplatelet drugs (Aspirin, Clopidogrel) block the formation of clots.

22
Q

Which of the following drugs work by making the platelets less able to stick together?

A. Heparin
B. Enoxaparin/Lovenox
C. Warfarin/Coumadin
D. Clopidogrel/Plavix

A

D. Clopidogrel/Plavix

The other drugs are anti-coagulants

23
Q

Menopause begins with the cessation of the menses for a minimum of how long?

What is the average age of a woman going through menopause?

A

1 year, approximately 51 years old

23
Q

A 60 year old male with a past medical history of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and afib presents to the ER with complaints of sudden weakness of the left arm/leg, slurred speech, loss of balance and coordination. He reports his symptoms started two hours ago. Head CT rules out bleeding. He has no history of a bleeding disorder. Which clot busting drug can be used?

A. heparin
B. warfarin
C. aspirin
D. tPA (tissue plasmogen activator)

A

D. tPA (tissue plasmogen activator)

Best to be used up to 3-4 hours of symptom onset

24
Q

Which diagnostic labs confirm menopause?

A

FSH and LH bloodwork
Lipid profile: increase cholesterol with lower HDL

25
Q

Once a woman is post menopausal she needs to be regularly tested for osteoporosis. What diagnostic scan is used to test bone density?

A

DEXA scan

T score -1 or above is normal
Between -1 and -2.5 is osteopenia
Less than -2.5 is osteoporosis

26
Q

A barium enema is also called a…

A. Upper GI Tract X-Ray Radiography
B. Lower GI Tract X-Ray Radiography
C. Duel energy X-Ray absorptiometry
D. Magnetic Resonance Imagery

A

B. Lower GI Tract X-Ray Radiography