BioMed Day 3 Flashcards
Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the anterior knee?
L4
Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the belly button?
T10
Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the nipples?
T4
Which nerve roots supplies dermatomes at the perineum?
S2, S3, S4
Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the top of the foot?
L5
Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the thumb?
C6
Which nerve root supplies dermatome at the bottom of the foot?
S1
What are the fat soluble vitamins that are in the acronym DEKA?
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Why are there more instances of toxicity with fat soluble vitamins than water soluble?
Excess fat soluble vitamins are stored in the body while water soluble are excreted in the urine.
Most infants are born with a defiency in what vitamin? They are given an injection of this to prevent hemrrohaging.
Vitamin K
This vitamin is naturally made by the microbiome in the digestive tract. Infacts are born with a relatively clean digestive system, thus typically have a vitamin K deficiency.
Which foods are naturally rich in vitamin K?
Green leafy vegetables
The action of Warfarin is to prevent the synthesis of what vitamin?
Vitamin K
Warfarin or Heparin is safe for pregnancy?
Heparin is safe. Warfarin can cause issues with fetal development.
Warfarin or Heparin is given only in a hospital setting via IV fluids?
Heparin
What is the antidote for Warfarin?
Vitamin K
What is the therapeutic effective IRN range for people taking Warfarin for disorders such as atrial fibrillation or a blood clot in the legs/lungs?
A. 1.1 or below
B. 1 to 2
C. 2 to 3
D. 5 to 6
C. 2 to 3
INR = International Normalized Ratio
If INR is too low, clots won’t dissipate
If INR is too high, the risk of bleeding too high
What is the drug treatment of choice for afib?
A. Anticoagulants
B. Thrombolytics
C. COX inhibitors
D. Antipsychotics
A. Anticoagulants
Which of the following drugs treat afib?
A. Warfarin/Coumadin, Rivaroxaban/Xarelto
B. Clopidogrel/Plavix, Aspirin
C. Alteplase/tPA, Streptokinase
D. Celecoxib/Celebrex, Meloxicam/Mobic
A. Warfarin/Coumadin, Rivaroxaban/Xarelto
What is the name of a blood clot that is attached to the wall of a vein or artery?
A. Thrombus
B. Embolus
A. Thrombus
What is a foreign object (like a clot or piece of tissue) that is circulating in the bloodstream?
A. Thrombus
B. Embolus
B. Embolus
Which of the following anti-thrombotic drugs can dissolve an already formed thrombus/clot?
A. Anticoagulant
B. Antiplatelet
C. Thrombolytics
C. Thrombolytics
Anticoagulants (Warfarin, Heparin) block the growth of clots.
Antiplatelet drugs (Aspirin, Clopidogrel) block the formation of clots.
Which of the following drugs work by making the platelets less able to stick together?
A. Heparin
B. Enoxaparin/Lovenox
C. Warfarin/Coumadin
D. Clopidogrel/Plavix
D. Clopidogrel/Plavix
The other drugs are anti-coagulants
Menopause begins with the cessation of the menses for a minimum of how long?
What is the average age of a woman going through menopause?
1 year, approximately 51 years old
A 60 year old male with a past medical history of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and afib presents to the ER with complaints of sudden weakness of the left arm/leg, slurred speech, loss of balance and coordination. He reports his symptoms started two hours ago. Head CT rules out bleeding. He has no history of a bleeding disorder. Which clot busting drug can be used?
A. heparin
B. warfarin
C. aspirin
D. tPA (tissue plasmogen activator)
D. tPA (tissue plasmogen activator)
Best to be used up to 3-4 hours of symptom onset
Which diagnostic labs confirm menopause?
FSH and LH bloodwork
Lipid profile: increase cholesterol with lower HDL
Once a woman is post menopausal she needs to be regularly tested for osteoporosis. What diagnostic scan is used to test bone density?
DEXA scan
T score -1 or above is normal
Between -1 and -2.5 is osteopenia
Less than -2.5 is osteoporosis
A barium enema is also called a…
A. Upper GI Tract X-Ray Radiography
B. Lower GI Tract X-Ray Radiography
C. Duel energy X-Ray absorptiometry
D. Magnetic Resonance Imagery
B. Lower GI Tract X-Ray Radiography
