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Epithelial > the integumentary system > Flashcards

the integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what are some key roles the skin plays a part in

A

protection from external environment
sensory
absorption
secretion
body temp regulation

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2
Q

what are the 3 layers to the skin (outermost to innermost)

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

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3
Q

what are 4 charcterostics of the epidermis

A

outermost layer
epithelial
non vascular
protective

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4
Q

what kind of tissue makes up the dermis

A

fibrous connective tissue

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5
Q

what are the two gland structures present in the dermis

A

sweat and sebaceous

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6
Q

what systems are involved in the dermis

A

vascular and sensory

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7
Q

what are some charcteristics of the hypodermis

A

not skin
protective
adipose tissue
connective tissue

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8
Q

what is the structure of the epidermis (outermost layer)

A

thick keratinised squamous epithelium

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9
Q

how mnay layers is the epidermis composed of

A

5

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10
Q

how many cell types make up the epidermis

A

4

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11
Q

what are the 5 layers that make up the epidermis (innermost to outermost)

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
startum corneum

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12
Q

what are the 4 cells that make up the epidermis

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel cells
Langerhan’s cells

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13
Q

what occurs in the stratum basale (innermost layer)

A

cells divide by mitosis

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14
Q

what occurs in the stratum spinosum

A

keratin fibres and lamellar bodies accumulate

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15
Q

what occurs in the stratum granulosum

A

karatohyalin and a hard protein envelope form

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16
Q

what do dead cells contain in the stratum lucudim

A

dead cells containing keratohyalins

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17
Q

stratum corneum
the dead cells with a hard protein envelope contain what

A

keratin

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18
Q

what do keratinocytes produce

A

keratin

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19
Q

keratinocytes arise where

A

stratum basale

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20
Q

how are keratinocytes pushed to the surface

A

continouosly mitotic cells reproduce

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21
Q

how are keratinocytes able to be involved in wound healing

A

they have stem cell like properties

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22
Q

how are keratinocytes connected (what cell junction)

A

desmosomes

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23
Q

what is the name given when fillagrin causes keratin fibres to dimerise

A

keratinisation

24
Q

what is keratinisation

A

filagrin causes keratin to dimerise

25
Q

filagrin mutations can disrupt what process

A

keratinisation

26
Q

where was the study conducted that there was found to be a link between filagrin mutations and eczema and asthma

A

dundee

27
Q

how are people who have severe asthma have eczema

A

greater risk of exposure to allergens absorbed through the skin inhaled in the air

28
Q

what is the primary role of the melanocytes

A

produce pigment and melanin

29
Q

where are melanocytes found

A

stratum basale

30
Q

what cell do melanocytes transfer the melanin to

A

keratinocytes

31
Q

what are merkel cells

A

neuroepithelial cells associated with sensory nerve endings

32
Q

what do merkel cells act as

A

mechanoreceptors

33
Q

what neurotransmitter do merkel cells use

A

glutamate

34
Q

what are merkel cells sesnitive to

A

shear and pressure

35
Q

merkel cells accumulate at ridges in finger prints and hair endings to form what

A

a tactile disk

36
Q

where are langerhanns cells made

A

in bone marrow

37
Q

where do langerhans cells migrate to after being made in the bone marrow

A

epidermis

38
Q

what system are langerhand=ns cells associated with

A

iimune system

39
Q

how is melanin synthesised

A

synthesised by tyrosine

40
Q

where does melanin synthesis occur

A

melanocytes

41
Q

melanin synthesis can generate two end produvts with different colours
euelanin - _____
pheomelanin - ______

A

eumelanin = black
pheomelanin = red

42
Q

UVA penetartes through what layer of the skin

A

dermis

43
Q

UVB and UVC are extremely damaging and cause what

A

sunburn

44
Q

once the re has been DNA damage to the dermis from UV - damaged dermal cells stimulate what hormone

A

alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone

45
Q

melanin synthesis
synthesises by tyrosinase conversion of tyrosine through multiple reactions to _____ and then melanin

A

O-quinone

46
Q

how do you develop carotene

A

from diet

47
Q

what is erythema

A

re direction of blood flow t superficial skin cappilaries, due to irritation or infection

48
Q

how do you get nervous erythema (blushing)

A

catecholamine induced vasodilation which pushes blood to the skin

49
Q

how do you get jaundiced

A

liver disease releases bile pigments to blood deposited in the hypodermis and the cornea of the eye gives a yellow colour

50
Q

how does brusing occur

A

injury to cappilaries of dermis and hypodermis results in deposition of bilirubin in skin which causes colours of a bruise

51
Q

the strength of the dermis come from what 2 layers

A

papillary and reticular

52
Q

what are the 5 different skin appendages glands

A

eccrine
apocrine
sebaceous
ceruminous
mammary

53
Q

what are are hair cells made up of

A

keratin

54
Q

how many phases are there in hair growth

A

3

55
Q

what are the three phases of growth for hair

A

rest
growth
cesstation

56
Q

what are nails made up of

A

keratin

57
Q

what are nails for

A

protect fingertips from damage
aids precision of movemet

Epithelial (12 decks)

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