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Anatomy > The Integument (skin) Organ System > Flashcards

The Integument (skin) Organ System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

the skin

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2
Q

What does the skin consist of?

A

Epidermis
Dermis: fibrous connective tissue
Hypodermis- NOT considered part of the integument. It’s just loose adipose CT lying just beneath the integument

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3
Q

What are some functions of the Integument?

A 
Support
Protect
Body temp control
excrete
Vit D
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4
Q

What makes Thick skin different from thin?

A

Thick does not have hair or sebaceous glands

-covered by many layers of keratinized dead cells

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5
Q

What is the epidermis? (cell type)

A

keratinized, stratified squamos epithelium

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6
Q

What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes- most abundant
Melanocytes
Merkel cells- light touch
Langerhans cells- immune cells of the skin

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7
Q

Do free nerve endings that terminate near the upper layer of epidermis have CT or schwann cells?

A

No

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8
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum basale- deepest
Stratum spinosum- has lots of desmosomes so it looks spiny
Stratum lucidum (clear layer)- occurs only in thick skin, dead flat keratinocytes
Stratum Corneum- outermost layer, dead keratinocytes, protects skin

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9
Q

What is Callus (hyperkeratosis)?

A

a thickening of the skin in areas of constant friction of pressure due to accelerated keratinization that exceeds the rate of loss
-if friction is too extreme, it results in water blisters

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10
Q

Why do blisters of the epidermis occur?

A

because of a disruption of Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

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11
Q

What usually causes blistering diseases?

A

autoimmune diseases

-can be treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs

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12
Q

What makes up the leather obtained from an animal?

A

the dermis of their skin

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13
Q

What is the Dermis?

A

a strong, flexible CT made of dense, irregular fibrous CT

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14
Q

What is the primary cell type of the dermis?

A

fibroblasts

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15
Q

What fiber types are made in the dermis?

A

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

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16
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

papillary upper layer (20%) and the Reticular layer lower layer (80%)

17
Q

What does the papillary layer have that’s important?

A

finger-like projections into the epidermal layer

-increases SA

18
Q

What gives the dermis its strength and resilience?

A

the collagen fibers of the reticular layer

19
Q

What gives the dermis the power to regulate body temp?

A

it is richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves

20
Q

What are the two places within the dermis where blood vessels are?

A
  • the subpapillary blood vessel plexus

- the dermal blood vessel plexus

21
Q

What are the 3 sensory cells in the dermis?

A

Meissner corpuscle- papillary layer, senses fine touch
Pacinian corpuscle- reticular layer and hypodermis, senses deep pressure and vibration (fast adapting)
Ruffini corpuscles- senses deep continuous pressure (slow adapting)

22
Q

What gives us fingerprints?

A

the raise epidermal ridges due to underlying projections of the dermal papillae

23
Q

What is a decubitus ulcer

A

bedsores

  • constant pressure of body weight causes local breakdown of skin due to reduction in blood supply
  • leaves it open and susceptible to infection
24
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

the deepest layer of skin

  • contains areolar (loose) and adipose connective tissues
  • anchors the skin to underlying structures and helps insulate the body
25
Q

What are the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color?

A

Melanin- shields nuclei from UV
Carotene- yellowish pigment from carrots and tomatoes in stratum lucidum, also important for UV protection
Hemoglobin- crimson color of the blood shows through the epidermis

26
Q

What are freckles?

A

localized accumulation of melanin in the basal layer of the epidermis
-due to repeated exposure to UV

27
Q

What are moles?

A

they form when melanocytes cluster… NOT due to UV exposure

28
Q

What are the appendages of the skin?

A

Hair and hair follicles
Sebaceous glands- secrete sebum
Sweat glands
Nails

29
Q

What is Acne?

A

when the amount of sebus secretion exceeds the capacity of the ducts and the gland becomes blocked

  • whitehead appears on the skin
  • gets infected by bacteria, leading to inflammation
30
Q

What is sweat?

A

a blood filtrate released from cells by exocytosis

31
Q

What are the 3 different types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine gland- most numerous, makes true sweat
Apocrine gland- by the nipples, anal, and genital regions, secretes pheremone
Ceruminous gland- modified apocrine sweat gland producing ear wax

32
Q

Are nail a scale-like modification of the epidermis?

A

yes, they just have a special kind of hard keratin

Anatomy (11 decks)

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