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Anatomy > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Muscle?

A
  • Movement
  • Maintain posture and body position
  • Support soft tissues
  • sphincters at entrances and exits of certain organ systems
  • maintain body temperature
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2
Q

What is muscle tissue specialized for?

A

contraction

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3
Q

What usually happens during contraction?

A

thin actin and thick myofilaments slide pat each other

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4
Q

3 different types of muscle

A
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
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5
Q

What are skeletal muscle cells called?

A

myofibers or other things

-they come together to form fascicles

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6
Q

What are myofibers separated by?

A

endomysium

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7
Q

What are fascicles?

A

bundles of myofibers that are separated by CT called perimysium

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8
Q

What is the epimysium?

A

dense irregular CT that surrounds a collection of fascicles forming an entire muscle

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9
Q

What are the CT sheaths continuous with?

A

Tendons

-these insert onto bones and transmit the force of the entire muscle onto bone

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10
Q

What provides the avenue for blood and nerves to myofibers?

A

CT

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11
Q

Are skeletal muscle cells multinucleated?

A

yes, because they were formed by fusion of several hundred embryonic myoblast precursor cells

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12
Q

where are the nuclei in skeletal muscle cells?

A

in the periphery

-the cytoplasm in occupied by myofibrils

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13
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

actin microfilaments and thick myosin filaments that form repeating functional units called sarcomeres
-make up 80% of volume of cell

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14
Q

What is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell referred to as?

A

the sarcolemma

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of a sarcomere?

A

the Z-lines

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16
Q

What is the Z-line?

A

attachment sight for the thin actin microfilaments

17
Q

What is the I band

A

Band containing only thin actin filaments

18
Q

What is the M line?

A

the anchor site for the thick myosin filaments

19
Q

What is the H zone?

A

band containing only thick myosin filaments

20
Q

What is the A band?

A

Where thin and thick filaments overlap plus the intervening H zone

21
Q

What bands are the only ones that move during contraction?

A

H and I bands

  • the ones containing just one type of filament
  • they bot shorten
22
Q

What is the signal to contract within a sarcomere?

A

Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

What is Rigor Mortis?

A

When a loos of ATP source prevents the myosin head from detaching from the actin, thereby locking the muscle in place

24
Q

What are the nerves cells that innervate muscle cells?

A

Motor neurons

25
Q

Is ever muscle cell in the body innervated?

A

No,

  • skeletal muscle are
  • smooth and cardiac muscles are not all directly innervated
26
Q

What is the place where the muscle and nerve ending meet?

A

the neuromuscular junction or the motor end plate

27
Q

What is the group of muscle fibers an axon innervates referred to as?

A

a motor unit

28
Q

What is muscular dystrophy?

A

an inherited diseases whereby muscle fibers degenerate over time

29
Q

What is Cardiac Muscle?

A

involuntary striated muscle type found in the wall of the heart
-has intercalated discs (combo of desmosomes and gap junctions)

30
Q

Is most cardiac Muscle innervated?

A

no

31
Q

What controls the rate of contraction is cardiac muscle cells?

A

hormones or via cardiac conduction system

32
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

in walls of viscera and blood vessels but also in the integument

33
Q

What does smooth muscle mediate?

A

visceral organ tone and movement

-in bv walls, it mediates vasodilation and constriction

34
Q

how many nuclei does each muscle cell type have?

A

Skeletal: lots
Cardiac: 1-2
Smooth: 1

35
Q

Where are the nuclei in each type of muscle cell?

A

Skeletal: in periphery
Cardiac: centrally located
Smooth also in the center

36
Q

What connects smooth muscle cells?

A

gap junctions

Anatomy (11 decks)

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