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Anatomy > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

what is Bone?

A

just a rock hard CT

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2
Q

Is bone tissue living?

A

yes, it is very dynamic and well vascularized and innervated

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3
Q

are the bones organs?

A

yes, they have a bunch of different types of tissues so it makes sense

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4
Q

what connects bone to muscles?

A

tendons

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5
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

ligaments

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6
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A 
support
movement
protect
store minerals
form blood cells
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7
Q

What are the different cell types in bone?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells
osteoblasts- form bone tissue
Osteocytes- mature osteoblasts that become embedded in the bone matrix
Osteoclasts- removes bone tissue (bone resorption)

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8
Q

What is the bone lacunae?

A

the space occupied by an osteocyte in the matrix

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9
Q

What are canuliculi?

A

the small channels within the bone matrix that interconnect the osteocytes.

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10
Q

how do osteocytes interact?

A

via their gap junctions

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11
Q

what is the function of osteocytes?

A

To sense strain on bone and help monitor the condition of the bone tissue.
-controls the activities of osteoblast and osteoclasts

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12
Q

Which cells are multinucleated and found on the bone surfaces?

A

Osteoclasts

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13
Q

What do osteoclasts create that carve out tunnels within the bone?

A

Howship’s lacunae

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14
Q

What is the eventual fate of osteoclasts?

A

apoptosis

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15
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

the main middle shaft of a long bone

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16
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

the rounded end of a long bone

17
Q

What is the Metaphysis?

A

the wider portion of a long bone adjacent to the growth plate

18
Q

What is the Epiphyseal plate?

A

hyaline cartilage plate within the metaphysis of children and adolescents.
-it is necessary for elongation of bones

19
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

A hollow area within long bones

-the marrow cavity

20
Q

What is the periostium/endostium?

A

connective tissue found on the outer surface and inner surface of hollow bones
-contains osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells

21
Q

What is the Articular cartilage?

A

cap of hyaline cartilage found at ends of bones articulating with other bones

22
Q

What is Cortical Bone?

A

the compact one

-forms outer walls of bones

23
Q

What is the primary structure of cortical bone?

A

lamellar (layers) either in a circumferential arrangement or partial rings

24
Q

What is Trabecular bone?

A
  • forms a network of bony plates or rods surrounded by bone marrow
  • NO osteons are found here
  • found at proximal and distal ends of long bones
25
Q

What is the center of an Osteon called?

A

Haversian Canal

-blood vessels go through this

26
Q

What is bone lengthening dependent on?

A

the Epiphyseal growth plate

-the hyaline cartilage found between the primary and secondary ossification centers

27
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

when chondrocytes are spread out into the ECM and also increase in size

28
Q

What are the 3 parts of osteogenesis?

A

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
Appositional growth

29
Q

What is Intramembranous ossification?

A

when bone is formed directly from mesenchyme

- No cartilage involvement

30
Q

What is Endochondral ossification?

A

when bone develops on a cartilage model or surface

31
Q

What is Appositional growth

A

The only way to lay down bone

- osteoblasts putting bone down on the bone surface

32
Q

What does the anatomy of a bone reflect?

A

Stresses

-bone adapts to force

33
Q

What is the purpose of Bone remodeling?

A

repair microdamage

calcium metabolism

34
Q

What are the stages of healing a fracture?

A
  • Hematoma formation
  • fibrocartilaginous callus formation
  • bony callus
  • bone remodeling
35
Q

What are some disorders of bones?

A

Osteoporosis- low bone mass, bone resoprtion faster than bone deposition, menopause
Vitamin D deficiency: necessary for calcium absorption from GI tract (osteomalacia and Rickets)

Anatomy (11 decks)

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