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ANAT315 post midterm > the instrinsic foot > Flashcards

the instrinsic foot Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when toes are flexed?

A

toes point towards plantarsurface of the foot

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2
Q

what happens when toes are extended?

A

toes point away from plantar surface of the foot

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3
Q

what happens during abduction of the toes?

A

toes are pulled apart

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4
Q

when does adduction of toes occurs?

A

when the foot/toes are in a relaxed position

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5
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles dorsum of the foot?

A
  • extensor digitorum brevis

- extensor hallucis brevis

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6
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

extension

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7
Q

extensor digitorum brevis inserts onto what?

A

the middle phalynx of toes 2-4

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8
Q

what is particular about the tendons found on the pinky toe?

A

it only has one which originates from extensor digitorum longus, since brevis does not insert on the 5th toe.

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9
Q

insertion of extensor hallucis brevis

A

inserts on the proximal phalynx of the big toe

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10
Q

how many layers of muscle compose the sole of the foot?

A

4

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11
Q

where are the muscles of the sole of the foot located?

A

deep to plantar aponeurosis

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12
Q

what is plantar aponeurosis?

A

though aponeurotic sheet on the plantar surface of the foot which ranges from calcaneus to metatarsalphalangeal joint

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13
Q

what muscles of the intrinsic foot act as passive support to the arches?

A

the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot

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14
Q

what part of the foot contains quite a bit of subcutaneous fat?

A

calcaneous

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15
Q

what is the name of the inflammation and tearing of the heal bone which often occurs in runners?

A

plantar fasciitis

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16
Q

what muscle are found in the first layer of the sole of the foot?

A

flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi
abductor hallucis

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17
Q

in the muscle first layer of the sole of the foot identify the locations of each muscles?

A

medially: abductor hallucis
central: flexor digitorum brevis
laterally: abductor digiti minimi

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18
Q

who does flexor digitorum brevis travel relative to flexor digitorum longus

A

in the same manner as FDS and FDP in the arm

FDB sits superficial to FDL. FDB will split and FDL will continue through and insert in distal phalynx

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19
Q

what is the function of FDB?

A

flexion of the lateral 4 toes

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20
Q

what is the function of abductor digiti minimi

A

abduction of digit 5

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21
Q

what is the function of abductor hallucis

A

abduction of hallux

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22
Q

where do the muscles of the first layer of the sole of the foot originate from?

A

calcaneal tuberosity of calcaneous

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23
Q

what is the 2nd layer of the sole of the foot composed of?

A 
2 tendons  ( FHL and FDL)
2 muscles ( lumbricals and quadratus plantae)
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24
Q

the tendons found in the 2nd layer originate from muscles found in which compartment of the leg?

A

deep posterior compartment

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25
Q

Lumbricals of the sole of the foot
origin
insertion
function?

A

origin: from the long flexor tendos
insertion: attach on the medial side of the toes (digits 2-5)
function: MTP flexion, IP extension

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26
Q

quadratus plantae
insertion
function

A

insertion: onto the long flexor tendons
function: offsets the oblique pull of FDL

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27
Q

what would happen is quadratus plantae stopped functionning?

A

our toes would flex with an oblique orientation due to the pull of flexor digitorum longus

28
Q

what muscles compose the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot

A
  • adductor hallucis
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • flexor hallucis brevis
29
Q

what do the sesamoid bones on the big toe allow?

A

they allow the muscles to execute a stronger pull, hence stronger flexion

30
Q

on to what does the medial and lateral hed of flexor hallucis brevis originate?

A

the the medial/lateral sesamoid bones of the hallux

31
Q

on what sesamoid bone does the adductor hallucis originate?

A

on the lateral sesamoid bone of the hallux

32
Q

what are the components of adductor hallucis?

A
  • traverse head

- oblique head

33
Q

what composes the 4th layer of the sole of the foot?

A 
2 tendons (fibularis longus and tendon of tibialis posterior)
2 muscles
-plantar interossei (3)
-dorsal interossei (4)
34
Q

what is accomplushed by the plantar interossei?

A

adduction of the toes

35
Q

what is accomplished by the dorsal interossei?

A

abduction of the lateral 4 toes

36
Q

based on the toe, on what side is the dorsal interossei found?

A

it is found on the medial side of the dorsal foot

37
Q

based on the toe, on what side is the plantar interossei found?

A

it is found on the lateral side of the plantar foot

38
Q

how does the tendon of fibularis longus travel within the plantar surface of the foot?

A

posterior to lateral malleolus, curls all the way to the medial side on the base of metatarsal 1

39
Q

tendon of fibularis longus travels deep to what struture?

A

travels deep to long plantar ligament

40
Q

what is the deep fibular N. responsible of innervating?

A
  • motor innervation to the anterior compartment of the leg and Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis
  • cutaneous innervation to the webbed space between digits 1-2
41
Q

what is the superficial fibular nerve responsible of innervating?

A

motor innervation of the lateral compartment of th foot

cutaneous innervation of the majority of the dorum of foot, except the toes and the space between toe 1-2

42
Q

what happens to the anterior tibial A. once it is found on the lateral side of extensor hallucis longus once it reaches the dorum of the foot?

A

it becomes dorsalis pedis A.

43
Q

in the lab, how could the anterior tibial A. and the deep fibular N. be identified?

A

found between tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus (medial to it)

44
Q

what joins to form an anastamoses between the dorsal and plantar foot?

A

the deep plantar a. and branches from the arcuate arch join with the plantar arch on the sole of the foot

45
Q

what anastamoses to form the arcuate arch?

A

lateral tarsal A. and dorsalis pedis

46
Q

what vascular structure branches off from the arcuate arch?

A

the dorsal metatarsal A. which further branch off into dorsal digital A.

47
Q

what muscles of the sole of the foot are innervated by the medial plantar N.?

A
  • abductor hallucis (1st layer)
  • flexor digitorum brevis (1st layer)
  • flexor hallucis (3rd layer)
  • 1st lumbrical (2nd layer)
48
Q

what muscles of the sole of the foot are innervated by the lateral plantar N.?

A
  • adductor hallucis (3rd)
  • abductor digiti minimi (1st)
  • flexor digiti minimi (3rd)
  • quadratus plantae (2nd)
  • 2-4th lumbrical (2nd)
  • dorsal and plantar interossei
49
Q

why is adductor hallucis also innervated by the lateral plantar N.?

A

because the LPN curls over inorder to reach the big toe

50
Q

where in the sole of the foot do the neurovascular structure travel?

A

in the 2nd layer

51
Q

how is the arteries divided in the sole of the foot

A
  • posterior tibial A. will supply blood to the heal of the foot
  • the posterior tibial A. branches off into the medial and lateral plantar A.
52
Q

what A. from the dorsal foot will joint on the plantar arch?

A

deep plantar A.

53
Q

what A. arise from the deep plantar arch?

A

the plantar metatarsal a. Which then branch off to give the plantar digital A.

54
Q

3 common types of anastamoses can be observed regarding the vascular supply of blood to the foot?

A

type 1: dorsalis pedis A. is predominant

2: lateral plantar A. is predominant
3: balanced

55
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
L2-L3?

A

HIP FLEXION

lift my knee

56
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
L3-L4

A

KNEE EXTENSION

kick the door

57
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
L4-L5

A 
DORSIFLEXION
foot points to the sky 
or 
HIP EXTENSION
i extend my thigh
58
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
L5-S1

A

KNEE FLEXION

i kick my bum

59
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
S1-S2

A

PLANTAR FLEXION

stand on my shoes

60
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
L2-3-4

A

HIP ADDUCTION

modesty closes the door

61
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
L5-S1-S2

A

HIP ABDUCTION

the opposite is true

62
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
L4

A

foot inversion

the medial side lifts up off the floor

63
Q

identify the function of the following myotome
what is the trick?
L5/S1

A

foot eversion

lateral side points up to the sun

64
Q

what myotome is involved in biceps jerk test?

A

C5/C6

65
Q

what test is being done is myotome of C7-C8 is being tested?

A

triceps jerk test

66
Q

what test is being done is myotome of L3-L4 is being tested?

A

knee jerk test

67
Q

what test is being done is myotome of S1-S2 is being tested?

A

ankle jerk test

ANAT315 post midterm (10 decks)

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