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ANAT315 post midterm > intro to the lower limb > Flashcards

intro to the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is another name for the hip bone?

A

innominate

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2
Q

what is the bone that connects to the hip at the thigh?

A

femur

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3
Q

what are the 2 bones that compose the leg?

A

tibia and fibula

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4
Q

what type of bone is the patella?

A

sesamoid bone

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5
Q

what are the 3 sets of bones that make up the foot?

A

tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

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6
Q

how should the pelvis be positionned in lab to evaluate if it is tilted?

A

ASIS and tubic tubercle should be aligned along a piece of paper and it should be help up with an anterior tilt when doing so

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7
Q

in what directions can the pelvis be tilted?

A
  • posterior pelvic tilt

- anterior pelvic tilt

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8
Q

how can the support space be increased?

A

by increasing the distance between in our feet in our standing stance

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9
Q

in the sagittal view, how should the center of gravity be distributed?

A

it should be found in front of the knee and pass through the center of the foot

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10
Q

what are the bones that make up the pelvic girdle?

A
  • hip bones
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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11
Q

what region comprises the true pelvis?

A

it is the space between the inlet and the outlet

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12
Q

what organs can be found in the true pelvis?

A

bladder, prostate, rectum

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13
Q

where is the false pelvis located?

A

right above the true pelvis, it is composed of the angled part of the pelvic girdle

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14
Q

what is the other name given to the pelvic inlet?

A

pelvic brim

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15
Q

how do the shapes of the inlet and outlet differ?

A

in: more circular
out: triangular shape

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16
Q

what are some feature unique to female pelvis?

A
  • wide oval inlet
  • wide and shallow
  • round outlet
  • subpubic angle of around 90-100 degrees
  • coccyx is straighter
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17
Q

what are some feature unique to male pelvis?

A
  • wide and deep
  • het shaped inlet
  • narrow, oblong outlet (triangle)
  • subpubic angle is around 70 degrees
  • more prominent primary curvature of the coccyx
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18
Q

what are the joints that form the pelvic girdle?

A
  • lumbosacral
  • sacroiliac joint
  • hip joint
  • sacrococcygeal
  • public symphysis
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19
Q

what type of joint in the lumbosacral joint?

A

solid symphysis joint

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20
Q

what is being articulated in the lumbosacral joint?

A

L5 and S1

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21
Q

what is being articulated in the sacroiliac joint?

A

sacrum and illiac

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22
Q

what type of joint in the sacroiliac joint?

A

anterior: synovial joint (plane and gliding
posterior: syndesmosis

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23
Q

what type of joint in the hip joint?

A

synovial ball and socket

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24
Q

what is being articulated in the hip joint?

A

femus and hip bone

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25
Q

what is being articulated in the pubic symphysis??

A

it joins the pubis of the each side of the hip bone

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26
Q

what type of joint in the pubic symphysis?

A

solid symphysis

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27
Q

what holds together the pubic symphysis?

A

superior and inferior public ligaments

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28
Q

what type of joint in the sacrococcygeal joint?

A

solid symphysis

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29
Q

what articulates in the sacrococcygeal joint?

A

sacrum and coccyx

30
Q

how is the hip bone divided?

A

in 3 sections
ilium
pubis
ischium

31
Q

what parts compose the ilium?

A

ala of the ilium (wing)

body of the ilium

32
Q

what are the various spines found on the anterior side of the ilium?

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

33
Q

what are the various spines found on the posterior side of the ilium?

A

posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)

34
Q

How could you describe the iliac crest?

A

it is a boney ridge felt at the top of out hips

35
Q

what is the name of the foramen formed between the ischium and the pubis?

A

obturator foramen

36
Q

what is the socket region of the hip?

A

acetabulum

37
Q

what composes the ischiopubic ramus?

A

inferior pubic ramus

ischial ramus

38
Q

what part of the butt makes it become achey or feel boney when seated?

A

ischial tuberosity

39
Q

what notch sits above the ischial spine?

A

greater sciatic notch

40
Q

what is the function of the auricular surface of the ilium?

A

serves as a point of attachment to the sacrum

41
Q

what is the name of the fossa found on the hip bone?

A

iliac fossa

42
Q

where does the iliolumbar ligament range from?

A

from L5 to the ilium

43
Q

what does the inguinal ligament create?

A

the V shape associated with the abs

44
Q

what is the name of the ligaments that range from the sacrum to the iliac?

A

anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

45
Q

where the the inguinal ligament range from?

A

from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

46
Q

what is the name of the fascia in the thigh?

A

fascia lata

47
Q

what is the fascia behind the knee?

A

popliteal fascia

48
Q

what is the name of the fascia in the leg?

A

crural fascia

49
Q

what is the role of the facia found in the leg and thigh?

A

it serves to hold everything together

50
Q

what muscles tenses the iliotibial band?

A

tensor facia lata

51
Q

what is the name given to the space that separates muscle tissues when observing the cross-section of the thigh?

A

intermuscular septa

52
Q

how does the common Iliac A split?

A

it splits into the external Iliac A. and into the internal Iliac A.

53
Q

what arteries arise from the external iliac artery?

A

femoral A which then becomes the popliteal A

54
Q

at what point does the femoral A transition?

A

at the adductor hiatus

55
Q

at what point does the external A transition?

A

at the inguinal A

56
Q

which vein travels along the medial leg, posteromedial knee and medial thigh?

A

great saphenous vein

57
Q

what vein drains into the femoral vein via the saphenous opening in fascia lata

A

great saphenous vein

58
Q

where does the small saphenous vein travel?

A

travels on the posterior side through the calf

59
Q

what vein will drain in the popliteal vein?

A

small saphenous vein

60
Q

what are the lymph nodes found in the lower limbs?

A

superficial inguinal nodes
deep inguinal nodes
popliteal nodes

61
Q

which lymph nodes drain directly into the deep inguinal lymph node?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

deep popliteal nodes

62
Q

Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes recieves drainage from where?

A

various regions

63
Q

what region does the superficial popliteal lymph nodes cover?

A 
posterior leg (calf)
lateral foot
64
Q

what region does the deep popliteal lymph nodes cover?

A

leg and foot

65
Q

what region does the superficial Inguinal lymph nodes cover?

A

skin of gluteal region

majority of the skin except for posterior leg and lat. foot

66
Q

what region does the internal iliac lymph nodes cover?

A

gluteal muscle

67
Q

what does the deep inguinal lymph node drain into?

A

into the external iliac lymph node

68
Q

what are the dermatome of the anterior thigh-leg

A

l1: hip bone-pubic region
L2: hip to inner thigh
L3: inferior hip bone to medial side of knee/calf
L4: from lateral thigh, across knee, down to medial side of the foot (big toe)
L5: Lateral side of knee to center of the foot (toes 2-4)
S1: lateral side of calf to small toe

69
Q

what are the dermatomes of the butt?

A

its like a bull’s-eye

S3-S4-S5 where S5 is the center

70
Q

what are the dermatomes of the posterior thigh-leg?

A

S1: upper butt all the way down the lateral side of each thigh and leg
S2: right above S3 and goes all the way down the medial side of leg and thigh
L5: heel

ANAT315 post midterm (10 decks)

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