the anterior and medial thigh Flashcards
what is the surface of the femur that lies between the lateral and medial condyles?
patellar surface
what is the name of the boney ridge found on the shaft of the femur that serves as an insertion point common to a few muscles of the thigh?
linea aspera
how to distinguish the condyles from the epicondyles?
the epicondyles are always positioned on the lateral medial sides of the distal femur, where as the condyles can be observed directly from the anterior and posterior view
what serves as an attachment point to a few muscles on the tibia?
soleal line
which bone between the tibia and the fibula articulates with the femur to form the knee joint?
tibia
what muscle inserts on tibial tuberosity?
quadriceps muscles
what is the name of the tibial region that articulates with the femur?
tibial plateaus
what is the equivalent to the styloid process found on the ulna and radius but this time in the tibia and fibula?
malleoli
how are the tibia and fibula connected?
by the interosseous membrane
which proximal bone has condyles tibia or fibula?
tibia
they are the tibial condyles, which their surface forms the tibial plateaus
what type of joint is the knee joint?
modified synovial hinge joint
what movements are permitted by the knee joint?
flexion/extension
slight medial and lateral rotation when seated
where does psoas major originate from?
vertebra T12 to L4-L5
where does iliacus originate from?
illiac fossa
what muscle is formed by the convergence of iliacus and psoas major?
iliopsoas
what action is accomplished by iliopsoas?
hip flexion
lateral flexion of the thigh
where does iliopsoas insert?
on the lesser trochanter of the femur
what is the longest muscle in the body?
sartorius
sartorius
Origin
Insertion
action?
Origin: ASIS Insertion: Anteromedial tibia action: hip flexion knee flexion lateral rotation adduction of the thigh
what trick can be used to recall the functions accomplished by sartorius?
Make a 4 with limb onto opposite knee, all 4 actions are completed
what is the common action accomplished by the quadricep femoris?
knee extension
what is the quadricep muscle that also allows for hip flexion?
rectus femoris
Rectus femoris
Origin
Insertion
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: quadriceps tendon
what quadricep muscle travels lateral to rectus femoris?
vastus lateralis
what quadricep muscle travels medial to rectus femoris?
vastus medialis
where can vastus intermedius be observed?
deep to rectus femoris, between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis
what quadricep muscles travels straight down along the femur?
rectus femoris
what are the anterior muscles of the thigh
- iliopsoas
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris (4)
what are the 4 muscles that form quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
where does the patellar ligament range from?
from patella to tibial tuberosity
what is Q angle?
quadriceps angle
what does Q angle provide information about?
knee alignment and patellar tracking
what is the normal Q angle in male and female?
male: 14 degrees
females: 17 degrees
what name is given when the Q angle is smaller than normal?
varus
what name is given when the Q angle is greater than normal?
valgus
what are some properties associated to Varus?
-decreased Q angle
everything bends outwards
-R in name for rounded out
what are some properties associated to Varus?
Knees point inwards
what are the adductor muscles of the thighs?
pectineus adductor longus gracilis adductor brevis adductor magnus
pectineus
origin
insertion
action?
origin: pubis
insertion: pectineal line on femur
action: adduction and flexion
what is the common insertion point of the adductors of the thigh?
Pubis
adductor longus
origin
insertion
action?
origin: pubis
insertion: linea aspera
action: adduction
gracilis
origin
insertion
action?
origin: pubis
insertion: anteromedial tibia
action: adduction of the hip, flexion of the knee, medial rotation of the leg when seated
relative to pectineus, where is adductor longus located?
inferior to pectineus
Adductor Brevis
origin
insertion
origin: pubis
insertion: linea aspera
relative to pectineus, where is adductor brevis located?
deep to pectineus
what are the two heads that composed adductor magnus?
adductor and hamsting
adductor magnus
origin
insertion
action
origin: pubis and ishial tuberosity
insertion: linea aspera [adductor] and adductor tubercle [hamstring]
action: adduction and hip flexion, assists with medial rotation [adductor] or extension of the hip [hamstring]
what is Pes Anserinus
a term used to describe the common insertion point located on the proximal anteromedial tibia
what are the 3 muscles that commonly insert on the anteromedial tibia?
- sartorius
- gracilis
- semi-tendinosus
what is the trick to recall the muscles of Pes Anserinus?
SGT or Say Grace before Tea
what nerves are responsible for the innervation of the anterior and medial thigh?
obturator N.
femoral N.
what spinal levels correspond to obturator N?
L2-L4
what muscles from the anterior, medial thigh get their innervation for obturator N.?
- obturator Externus
- adductor longus and brevis
- adductor magnus [ adductor part only]
- gracilis
- pectinus [secondary innervation]
what the hamsting part of adductor magnus get its innervation from?
from the sciatic N
what does the femoral N.. innervate in the anterior and medial thigh?
- sartorius
- quadricep femoris
- pectineus (primary innervation)
what does the femoral nerve terminate as?
saphenous N.
what does the saphenous N innervate?
cutaneous innervation to the medial leg
what are the borders of the femoral triangle?
lateral: medial border of sartorius
medial: lateral border of adductor longus
superior: Inguinal ligament
floor: pectineus and iliopsoas
what is contained in the femoral triangle?
femoral N, V, A
inguinal lymph nodes
what trick can be used to recall the contents of the femoral triangle?
N AVIL
what are femoral Sheath?
funnel shaped elongation of the transversalis fascia from the abdomen?
what is contained in the femoral Sheath and why?
femoral vein and artery along with inguinal Lymph as they all travel together
is the femoral N contained by the femoral Sheath?
no
what Artery provides branches that supply the head and neck of femur?
deep femoral A.
what canal does the femoral A. pass through?
Hunter’s canal (adductors canal)
how does the femoral A transition into the popliteal A?
after it passes through the adductor hiatus it becomes the popliteal A.
what Nerve pierces through the adductors canal to go to the skin of the medial leg?
saphenous N.
