Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT315 post midterm > the anatomy of gait > Flashcards

the anatomy of gait Flashcards

1
Q

what does one gait cycle consist of?

A

it begins with the heel strike of one foot and ends with the next heel stike of that same foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the phases of the gait cycle?

A

stance phase and swing phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of support is found in the stance phase?

A

double support: initial contact and loading response
single support: mid and terminal stance
double support: ore swing toes off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the distribution of stance versus swing phase in the gate cycle?

A

60% stance

40% swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of support is found in the swing phase?

A

single support through out the initial, mid and terminal swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where along the foot is the weigth distributed during the initial contact?

A

at the heel of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

at what stage if the foot said to be flat during the gait cycle?

A

during the loading phase, the weight gets distributed more evenly across the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where along the foot is the weight distributed in the mid stance, before toe off?

A

on the medial proximal 1/3 of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why are hip abductors important to the gait cycle?

A

they prevent pelvic drop as they provide pelvic stability during single stance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is trendelenburg gait?

A

it is a contralateral pelvic drop caused by wekness of the gluteus medius or minimum or due to injury to the superior gluteal N,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in heel strike, muscles need to contract in order to have movement?

A
  • dorsiflexors of the foot to prepare for the heel strike
  • knee extensors prepare for heel strike and is ready to accept weight on single stance
  • hip extensors act as decelerators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the role of gluteus maximus in pelvic gait?

A

acts as a decelerator and slows down the forward movement of single stance support and attaining limb position for push off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what other muscles of the leg act as decelerators in gait along with gluteus maximus

A

hamstring muscles except the short head of biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what muscles of the foot act in order to transition from heel strike to flat foot?

A

plantar flexors, they allow to lower the feel down to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what muscles continue to act and function in the same manner throughout heel strike and flat foot

A

knee extensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what occurs during gluteus maximus gait?

A

-backwards lurching of the trunk during heel strike to prevent trunk from accelerating too quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the backward lurch in gluteus maximus gait assist in?

A

locks the limb into extension in order for it to support the body weight during the stance phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what muscle group is involved in accelerating the swing of the leg forward?

A

hip flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the knee extensors involved in during the gait cycle?

A

they are involved in preparing the limb for heel strike and accepting the body weight in stance phase

20
Q

what happens during quadriceps femoris gait?

A

forward lurching at the beginning of the stance phase (LR) in order to lock knee extension when the quadriceps femoris muscles is weak or paralyzed

21
Q

how does lurching forward in quadriceps gait do?

A

it shifts the center of gravity forward and will avoid the quadriceps from having to do wotk

22
Q

what type of gait is often due to limb discrepancy or due to weak hip/knee flexors (sometimes paralyzed)

A

vaulting gait or circumduction gait

23
Q

what is genu recurvatum characterized by?

A

snapping of the knee into extension or hyperflexion at heel stike

24
Q

what are the causes of genu recurvatum?

A

many different causes such as
skeletal deformity
weakness of hamstrings or quads

25
Q

what does genu recurvatum cause?

A

it causes anterior translation of the tibia which puts the ACL at risk of injury

26
Q

what do the dorsiflexors ensure during gait?

A

they ensure the clearance of the toes during the swing phase and prepares the foot for heel strike

27
Q

what are the plantar flexors involed in during Gait?

A

lowering the foot to the ground after heel strike and following through to terminal stance and pre swing phase to toe off. it is also involved in the swing phase “push off” phase to accelerate the limb

28
Q

what is flat foot gait?

A

due to poor heel stike and minimal toe lift off more weigth is place on the calcaneal tendon and leads to valgus arches

29
Q

what is pes cavus gait?

A

not much heel strike nor toes off. indeed the walk is much more inverted, and difficult to walk around (more of a shuffle)

30
Q

what does pes cavus or flat foot lead to in gait?

A

difficulties with toe-off causing joints and back pain.

31
Q

what may flat foot gait cause?

A

joint and back pain dues to misalignement of the joint

32
Q

what is the calcaneal tendon more vulnerable to in pes cavus gait?

A

tearing of the tendon

33
Q

what is slap foot gait?

A

weakness in dorsiflexors causing for toes not to be cleared in swing phase. no control of foot drop upon initial contact causing for slapping

34
Q

what is drop foot/steppage gait?

A

paralysis of dorsiflexors causes the foot to drop during the swing phase

35
Q

how do patients with drop foot compensate?

A

by overflexiing the hip to be able to life a little bit higher so that the toes clear the ground

36
Q

what muscles are involved in the midstance of the stance phase?

A
  • hip extensors that extend the hip into this stance

- hip abductors to prevent contralateral hip drop

37
Q

what muscles are involved in the push off part stance phase?

A

plantar flexion allows to push off and propel the body forward
-hip extensors continue to push off

38
Q

during the swing phase, what muscles are involved in acceleration/midswing?

A
  • dorsiflexors lift the foot to clear the floor, and prepare for heel strike
  • hip flexors will assist in accelerating the limb into swing phase
  • knee flexors lift the swinging leg
39
Q

during the swing phase, what muscles are involved in deceleration

A

hip extensors: act as decelerators

-knee extensors will prepare the leg for heel strike

40
Q

what is the role of abductor longus in gait?

A

it keeps the limb that is swinging close to the stance limb while acting as a hip flexor

41
Q

when are the plantar flexion muscles of the leg recruited?

A

in the stance phase from the loading response to the pre swing phase (stance phase)

42
Q

when are the dorsiflexors of the foot recruited?

A

in the swing phase,

43
Q

when are the pelvis stabilizers recruited?

A

during the stance phase

44
Q

when are the accelerators (muscles of the thigh and knee) recruited?

A

terminal stance phase up to the mid swing phase

45
Q

when are the muscles of the foot mostly recruited?

A

during the terminal stance phase and the pre swing

ANAT315 post midterm (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions