The Inguinal Region, Scrotum, Hernias

Question 1

What is the reflected portion of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 1

Poupart’s ligament

Question 2

From what do the lateral and medial crus arise?

Answer 2

External oblique aponeurosis

Question 3

Where does the lateral crus attach?

Answer 3

The pubic tubercle

Question 4

What forms the pectineal ligament?

Answer 4

Fibers of the lateral crus

Question 5

What forms the lacunar ligament?

Answer 5

Fibers of the lateral crus

Question 6

Where does the medial crus attach

Answer 6

The pubic crest

Question 7

What exits the superficial inguinal ring in females

Answer 7

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 8

From what muscle does the cremaster m. arise?

Answer 8

Internal oblique muscle

Question 9

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 9

transversalis fascia

Question 10

What are the boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle?

Answer 10

Medial- linea semilunaris
Lateral- inferior epigastric vessels
inferiorly- inguinal ligament

Question 11

What is composed of arching fibers between Poupart’s ligament and pectineal (Cooper’s) ligament

Answer 11

Lacunar ligament

Question 12

What is the function of the cremaster muscle

Answer 12

it pulls the testicles closer to the body in low temperatures

Question 13

What is the afferent part of the cremasteric reflex

Answer 13

GSA portion of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral n., the obturator n., or the ilioinguinal n.

Question 14

What is the efferent part of the cremasteric reflex?

Answer 14

GSE portion of the genital branch of the genitofemoral

Question 15

What makes up the Conjoint Tendon (Falx Inguinalis)

Answer 15

Combined insertion of Internal Oblique m. and Transversus Abdominis m. on pubis

Question 16

What are the contents of the inguinal canal

Answer 16

Spermatic cord (round ligament in women) and ilioinguinal n.

Question 17

Where and what does the iliohypogastric n. supply?

Answer 17

Provides motor and sensory innervation to the superpubic area

Question 18

Where and what does the ilioinguinal n supply?

Answer 18

Provides sensory innervation to lateral aspect of labia/scrotum and the thigh

Question 19

In what layer is the internal inguinal ring formed

Answer 19

Transversalis fascia

Question 20

From what vessels do the inferior epigastric vessels branch?

Answer 20

External iliac vessels

Question 21

Where on the abdominal wall does the inferior epigastric vessels run?

Answer 21

Posterior to the abdominis rectus

Question 22

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 22

external oblique aponeurosis throughout- lateral 1/3 reinforced by fibers of the internal oblique

Question 23

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 23

Lateral 2/3 is only formed by transversalis fascia; medial 1/3 is reinforced by the conjoint tendon and Poupart’s ligament

Question 24

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal

Answer 24

Over-arching fibers of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis mm.

Question 25

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 25

Inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament + poupart’s ligament in the medial 1/3

Question 26

What is an indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 26

Abdominal contents protrude through internal inguinal ring into the inguinal canal

Question 27

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 27

Abdominal contents exit directly through floor of inguinal canal through the transversalis fascia and exits via the external inguinal ring

Question 28

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

Answer 28

femoral n, a, v, empty space, and lymphatics

Question 29

What is a femoral hernia

Answer 29

bulging through empty space in the femoral canal into the thigh

Question 30

What kind of hernias can be congenital and why do they come about?

Answer 30

Indirect hernias- the processus vaginalis doesn’t close completely

Question 31

What is a pantaloon hernia?

Answer 31

Occurs when one has a direct and indirect hernia simultaneously

Question 32

What is the temporary extension the peritoneum that accompanies the testicle as it descends into the scrotum

Answer 32

Process vaginalis

Question 33

What is the only portion of the process vaginalis that persists?

Answer 33

Tunica vaginalis

Question 34

Where is sperm stored prior to ejaculation?

Answer 34

Epididymis

Question 35

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

Answer 35

Vas deferens, testicular a, a of vas deferens, cremasteric a, pampiniform plexus of veins, sympathetics, genital branch of genitofemoral n, lymphatic vessels, GVA nerves

Question 36

What is a hydrocele

Answer 36

Condition in which there is excess fluid in the sac possibly resulting from a persistent processus vaginalis

Question 37

What is a varicocele

Answer 37

Abnormal enlargment of pampiniform plexus

Question 38

What is a spermatocele?

Answer 38

Retention cyst of a tubule of the rete testis or head of epididymis

Question 39

What are the layers of the scrotum external to internal?

Answer 39

Skin, Darto’s fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia, tunica vaginalis

Question 40

What supplies sensory innervation to the posterior scrotum

Answer 40

Pudendal n (S2, S3, S4), scrotal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous n, and perineal nn.

Question 41

What supplies sensory innervation to the anterior scrotum

Answer 41

Ilioinguinal n., and genital branch of the genitofemoral n.

Question 42

What is Fourneir’s gangrene?

Answer 42

Necotizing fascitis of the perineum–aggressive infection