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Anatomy: Block 3- Thorax and Abdomen > Intro to Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Intro to Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the pelvic girdle

A

Sacrum, Coccyx, 2 Os Coxae

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2
Q

What bones compose the os coxae

A

Ilium, Ishium, Pubis

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3
Q

What is the concave fossa where the femur articulates with the pelvis?

A

Acetabulum

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4
Q

Which muscle interdigitates with the serratus anterior?

A

External oblique m.

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5
Q

What is the “white line” down midline of the abdominal cavity?

A

Linea Alba

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6
Q

What is the line on the lateral aspect of the rectus abdominis?

A

Linea semilunaris

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7
Q

What creates the “6-pack” look

A

Tendinous insertions of the rectus abdominis

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8
Q

What bony landmark is the most anterior portion of the iliac spine?

A

Anterior Superior Illiac Spine

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9
Q

What plane intersects the inferior surface of the rib cage?

A

Subcostal plane

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10
Q

What is the vertebral level of the sternal notch

A

T3 body

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11
Q

What is the vertebral level of the Sternal angle of Louis?

A

T4-T5 disc

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12
Q

What is the vertebral level of the xiphisternal joint?

A

T9-T10 disc

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13
Q

What is the vertebral level of the subcostal plane?

A

L3 body

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14
Q

What is the vertebral level of the transumbilical plane?

A

L4 body

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15
Q

What is the vertebral level of the sacral promontory?

A

S1

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16
Q

The intersection of what two planes creates the quadrants of the abdomen

A

The median sternal plane and the transumbilical plane

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17
Q

What planes intersect to create the 9 subdivisions of the abdomen?

A

Midclavicular lines and the subcostal and intertubercular lines

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18
Q

What structures form the superior boundary of the abdominal wall?

A

Costal margin, ribs 11-12, xiphoid process, diaphragm

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19
Q

What are the two branches of the Internal Thoracic artery?

A

Musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery

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20
Q

Where in the abdominal wall does the superior epigastric a. course?

A

Posterior to Rectus abdominis m. within the rectus sheath

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21
Q

What is the source of the external iliac artery?

A

It is a branch off the bifurcation of the aorta

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22
Q

What are the two branches of the external iliac artery?

A

Inferior epigastric a., and Deep circumflex iliac a.

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23
Q

What area does the deep circumflex iliac a. supply?

A

Low, lateral abdominal wall- iliac region lateral to crest

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24
Q

To which vein do upper abdominal veins ultimately drain?

A

Axillary v.

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25
Q

To which vein do lower abdominal veins ultimately drain?

A

Femoral v.

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26
Q

What are the primary connecting veins of the abdomen?

A

Superficial epigastric v. and thoracoepigastric v.

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27
Q

What is the dermatome of the umbilicus

A

T10

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28
Q

What is the dermatome of the nipples?

A

T4

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29
Q

What is the dermatome of the suprapubic region

A

L1

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30
Q

What nerves make up the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the thoracoabdominal nn.?

A

Ventral rami of T7-11 intercostal nn.

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31
Q

What is the name of the anterior division of the T12 spinal n.?

A

Subscostal nn.

32
Q

What two nerves are anterior branches of L1?

A

Iliohypogastric n and Ilioinguinal n.

33
Q

What is the course of the ilioinguinal n.?

A

Runs lower than iliohypogastric n, and goes through inguinal canal and innervates skin on the medial side and external genitalia

34
Q

What are the functions of the abdominal wall

A

1) Supports and protects abdominal viscera
2) Flex and rotate the trunk, maintain posture
3) Alters

35
Q

What is the name of the fatty superficial fascial layer

A

Camper’s fascia

36
Q

What is the name of the membranous layer of superficial fascia that overlies the muscular layers

A

Scarpa’s fascia

37
Q

From superficial to deep, what layers would a surgeon cut through in getting into the peritoneal cavity?

A

Skin, Camper’s fascia, Scarpa’s fascia, external oblique anterior lamella, external oblique m., internal oblique anterior lamella, internal oblique m., transversus abdominis anterior lamella, transversus abdominis m., posterior lamella, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat,, parietal peritoneum

38
Q

What is the direction of external oblique m fibers?

A

Superolateral to inferomedial

39
Q

What makes up the inguinal ligament?

A

Inferior free edge of external oblique m. aponeurosis

40
Q

The inguinal ligament extends from where to where?

A

The anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

41
Q

External oblique innervation

A

Thoracoabdominal nn. (T7-T11) and Subcostal n (T12)

42
Q

What direction do the internal oblique muscle fibers run?

A

Inferolateral to superomedial

43
Q

Internal oblique m. innervation

A

Thoracoabdominal (T7-11), Subcostal nn. (T12), Iliohypogastic and Ilioinguinal nn (L1)

44
Q

In which direction do the fibers of the Transverse Abdominis muscles run?

A

Transversely

45
Q

Transverse Abdominis m. innervation

A

Thoracoabdominal (T7-11), Subcostal nn. (T12), Iliohypogastic and Ilioinguinal nn (L1)

46
Q

Rectus Abdominis m innervation

A

Thoracoabdominal nn (T7-11), Subcostal nn. (T12)

47
Q

Which abdominal muscle is present in only 80% of pop.

A

Pyramidalis mm.

48
Q

Pyramidalis m action

A

Tense linea alba

49
Q

Pyramidalis m innervation

A

Subcostal n. (T12)

50
Q

What are the layers of the anterior rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique, anterior lamina of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique

51
Q

What are the layers of the posterior rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line

A

Posterior lamina of internal oblique aponeurosis, anterior and posterior fascia layers of transversus abdominis m., transversalis fascia.

52
Q

What are the layers of the anterior rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line

A

Aponeurosis of external and internal oblique mm., aponeurosis of transversus abdominis m.

53
Q

What are the layers of the anterior rectus sheath posterior to the arcuate line

A

Transversalis fascia

54
Q

What is the inferior border of the abdominal cavity

A

the pelvic inlet

55
Q

Where is the False Pelvis?

A

Between iliac crests and the pelvic brim

56
Q

Where is the true pelvis?

A

From the pelvic brim to the pelvic diaphragm mm.

57
Q

What forms the posterior border of the inferior pelvic apeture?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

58
Q

What are the two classifications of organs within the peritoneum? What is the difference?

A

Intraperitoneal (almost completely enclosed within visceral peritoneum) and extraperitoneal (external to and only partially covered by parietal peritoneum) organs

59
Q

What are the typical contents of the peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneal fluid

60
Q

Is the peritoneal cavity closed or open?

A

Closed in males, open in females

61
Q

What pouches are created by reflections of the parietal peritoneum

A

Vesicouterineand rectouterine pouches in females; rectovesical pouch in males

62
Q

What are the extra-peritoneal organs in the pelvic cavity?

A

Bladder, uterus, prostate, seminal vesicles, rectum, part of ureters

63
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?

A

The obliterated connection from the umbilicus and top of bladder (urachus)

64
Q

What is the medial umbilical ligament a remnant of

A

The obliterated umbilical artery

65
Q

Lateral umbilical ligament is created by what?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

66
Q

What is mesentery

A

A double layer of peritoneum w/ blood vessels, nerves, fat and lymphatics running in it

67
Q

What is a peritoneal ligament?

A

A double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ to an organ or an organ to the abdominal wall

68
Q

What are the three named peritoneal mesenteries?

A

Transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, mesentary proper

69
Q

What are the true retro peritoneal structures?

A

The kidneys and ureters

70
Q

What are the secondary retroperitoneal structures?

A

2-4th portion of duodenum, ascending ad descending colon

71
Q

What connects the Lesser Sac and Greater Sac?

A

Epiploic foramen/ omental foramen/Foramen of Winslow

72
Q

What are omenta

A

Double layered fold of peritoneum that encloses fat

73
Q

What ligaments does the greater omentum consist of

A

Gastrosplenic ligament, gastrophrenic ligament, gastrocolic ligament

74
Q

What are the two ligaments of the lesser omentum

A

Hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

75
Q

What is the free edge of the lesser omentum called? What does it contain?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament—portal triad

Anatomy: Block 3- Thorax and Abdomen (5 decks)

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