Nerves of the Thorax and Abdomen Flashcards
What are the three subdivisions of the diaphragm
Sternal, Costal, Lumbar
What is the distal attachment of quadratus lumborum m.
The iliac crest
What is the proximal attachment of the iliacus m.
The iliac fossa
What spinal cord fibers make up the subcostal n.?
Ventral rami of T12
What fiber types are contained with the subcostal n?
GSE and GSA
What spinal cord fibers make up the Iliohypogastric n?
The superior branch of ventral rami of L1
What fiber types are contained within the iliohypogastric n.?
GSE and GSA
What spinal cord fibers make up the ilioinguinal n.?
Inferior branch of ventral rami of L1
What fiber types are contained within the ilioiguinal n.?
GSE and GSA
What supplies sensation to the anterior scrotum?
Ilioinguinal n.
What spinal cord fibers make up the genitofemoral n.?
Ventral rami of L1, L2
Where in the inguinal canal is the genital branch of genitofemoral n?
Within the spermatic cord
What fiber types are contained within the genital branch of the genitofemoral n.
GSE and GSA
What fiber types are contained within the femoral branch of the genitofemoral n.?
GSA
What is the afferent limb of the cremasteric reflex?
The femoral branch of the genitofemoral n.
What is the efferent limb of the cremasteric reflex?
The genital branch of the genitofemoral n.
What spinal nerve fibers make up the lateral femoral cutaneous n.?
Ventral rami of L2, L3,
What spinal nerve fibers make up the femoral n.?
Dorsal divisions of ventral rami of L2, L3, L4
What fiber types make up the femoral n.?
GSE and GSA
What spinal cord segments make up the obturator n.?
Ventral divisions of vetral rami of L2, L3, L4
What spinal cord nerve fibers make up the lumbrosacral trunk?
L4, L5
In GVE nerves, are the pre-, post-ganglionic, or both nerves myelinated?
Preganlionic
What are the sympathetic prevertebral ganglia within the abdomen?
Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, aorticorenal ganglia
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
What is the pathway of intrinsic nerve supply to the heart?
SA node–> AV node–> AV bundle of HIs–> left and right bundle branches–> purkinje fibers
Sympathetic innervation of the heart originates in what spinal levels of IMLCC?
T1-T5
Which nerves provide a direct route from sympathetic chain ganglia to the heart?
Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nn.
What nerves provide an indirect route for sympathetics from cervical sympathetic ganglia?
Superior, middle, and inferior cardiac nn.
What provides parasympathetic innervation of the heart? What is the location of cell bodies?
Vagus- dorsal motor nucleus of X
What GVA fibers course with sympathetics? Which GVA fibers course with parasympathetics?
Pain; Reflexes, nausea, hunger
Where are the postsynaptic cell bodies of parasympathetic innervation to the heart located?
Within the walls of the heart
What fibers are contained within the cardiac plexus
Postganglionic sympathetics, preganglionic parasympathetics, GVAs from the heart
What are the effects of sympathetic innervation to the heart?
Increased rate and strength of contraction, dilation of coronary vessels
What are the effects of sympathetic innervation to the lungs?
Bronchodilation, reduction in bronchial secretions
What are the effects of parasympathetic innervation to the heart?
Decreases rate and strength of contraction; constriction of coronary vessels
What are the the effects of parasympathetic innervation to the lungs?
Bronchoconstriction; stimulation of bronchial secretions
From what spinal cord segments of the IMLCC do sympathetics innervating the abdomen originate?
T5-L2
What supplies parasympathetic innervation to the abdomen and pelvis?
Vagus and Pelvic splanchnics
What are the sympathetic functions within the abdomen?
Inhibition of peristalsis, vasoconstriction, increased sphincter tone, release of adrenaline into bloodstream
What are the parasympathetic functions within the abdomen?
Stimulation of peristalsis, increased digestive secretions, decreased sphincter tone
Which splanchnic nerves are parasympathetic?
Pelvic splanchnics
What spinal cord segments give rise to the greater splanchnic n.?
T5-T9; celiac ganglion
What spinal cord segments give rise to the lesser splanchnic n.? Where does it synapse?
T10-T11; superior mesenteric ganglion
What spinal cord segments give rise to the Least splanchnic n.? Where does it synapse?
T12; aorticorenal ganglion
What nerves are contained within the greater splanchnic?
myelinated, preganglionic GVE fibers, and GVA fibers
Before synapsing on the celiac ganglion the greater splanchic sends off a branch that synapses on what? What is the effect of this innervation?
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla; secretion of epinephrine
What are the contents of the celiac plexus?
Celiac ganglion, preganglionic sympathetics (greater splanchnic), GVAs (greater splanchnic), postganglionic sympathetics, preganglionic parasympathetics (vagus n)
What are the contents of the superior mesenteric plexus?
Superior mesenteric ganglion, preganglionic sympathetics (lesser splanchnic), GVAs (lesser splanchnic), postganglionic sympathetics, preganglionic parasympathetics (vagus)
What are the contents of the inferior mesenteric plexus?
Inferior mesenteric ganglion, upper two lumbar splanchnics (pregang. symp and GVA), Postganglionic sympathetics
What are the physical causes of visceral pain?
Sudden distention, strong contractions, ischemia
