The information processing approach (A)

Question 1

During the first Half of the 20th century, work in psychology was heavily influenced by?

Answer 1

behaviourism

Question 2

In the 1950’s, cognitive psychologists reacted against behaviourism by proposing what?

Answer 2

An approach which chart the flow of information through the brain while a particular mental task is performed.

Question 3

7 stages of information processing when the brain is performing a mental task?

Answer 3

1- Identify the words in the question
2- Organise the words into a syntactic pattern
3-Turn the question into a proposition (an abstract idea)
4-Search your memory for information
5-Retrieve the information
6-Turn the information into words
7- Utter the words

Question 4

What are the two important stages in processing a stimulus for readers and listeners?

Answer 4

Sensation and perception

Question 5

what is sensation?

Answer 5

The unanalysed experience of sound meeting ones ear or light meeting ones eye.

Question 6

What is perception?

Answer 6

The mental operation involved in analysing what the signal contains.

Question 7

what is pattern recognition?

Answer 7

Where the form of a word is matched to a stored representation in our mind.

Question 8

Atkinson and Shriffins’ early information processing theory suggested that? (1968)

Answer 8

There are three types of memory store
1- Sensory storage
2-Short term storage
3-Long term storage

Question 9

What are the two separate sensory stores known as?

Answer 9

Iconic memory (visual) and echoic memory (auditory)

Question 10

Do echoic or iconic traces last longer?

Answer 10

Echoic

Question 11

What are the four main stages of listening and reading processes? (Three-store model of human memory)

Answer 11

1- There is an external stimulus
2-Sensory stores are activated (speech or writing)
3- Short term memory (working memory)
4- Long term memory

Question 12

What capacity does the working memory have?

Answer 12

Limited capacity

Question 13

limited capacity of the working memory effects processing of language how?

Answer 13

1- Some language tasks make impossibly high demands on working memory
2-We need to rapidly transform the language we hear and read into pieces of abstract information.
3-We constantly need to transfer useful information into long term memory to avoid congestion of working memory.

Question 14

How do we avoid congestion of working memory?

Answer 14

We have to transfer useful information to long term memory.

Question 15

listening and reading are …….. processes?

Answer 15

Active processes

Question 16

When listening or reading information, we can receive important cues from? (2)

Answer 16

1) - Context- the next word can be highly predictable based on context.
2) -Known words- If a word in a sentence is wrong, it may be easy to known what they meant due to the words being stored in the lexicon.

Question 17

what is bottom up processing?

Answer 17

Using the data provided to build up information and understanding. (data driven)

Question 18

what is top down processing?

Answer 18

using prior knowledge to aid understanding of a text or speech. (knowledge driven)

Question 19

Context and known words are referred to as which type of processing?

Answer 19

Top down processing.

Question 20

Bottom up processing is ……. driven?

Answer 20

data

Question 21

Top down processing is ………driven?

Answer 21

knowledge