Skilled and Unskilled readers

Question 1

A top-down quote by Frank Smith 1988:155

Answer 1

‘The more a reader knows about the way words go together in grammatical and meaningful phrases (because of prior language knowledge), the less visual information is required to identify words.

Question 2

A bottom-up quote by Charles Perfetti 1985:10

Answer 2

‘Readers of low ability have inefficient- slow and effortful- coding as the major obstacle to reading achievement’

Question 3

What did Kenneth Goodman (1967) reading as?

Answer 3

‘A psycholinguistic guessing game’ and said that good readers don’t need to decode every word, but often use context to anticipate words.

Question 4

Who disagreed with Goodman (1967)?

Answer 4

Keith Stanovich (1982), he said that there is no evidence that skilled readers use context to enhance word recognition. This is because he said context has two distinct functions in reading that wouldn’t make this applicable just to skilled readers.

Question 5

Stanovich’s interactive compensatory hypothesis?

Answer 5

A trade off between the qualify of the incoming message and the extent to which top-down information is used to support decoding.

Question 6

Perfetti and Roth (1981)? (CABBAGE)

Answer 6

Skilled readers were able to predict the word ‘cabbage’ in Anomalous, unpredictable and predictable context type quicker than less skilled readers.