#The impact of war and revolution on the USSR/ Russian Empire

Question 1

what are the wars/revolutions covered in the period

Answer 1

the crimean war 
russo-turkish war
russo-japanese war
WW1
Russian Revolution 
Russian civil war
WW2
cold war

Question 2

when was the crimean war and which leader was it under

Answer 2

1853-6 = tsar Alexander the 2nd

Question 3

what were the causes of the crimean war

Answer 3

russia wanted special privleges to be granted to orthodox christians. french disagreed and Napoleon the third tried to gain support from catholics in france. when it looked like the sultan was going to go against his promises nicholas 1 sent troops in causing turkey, britain and france to declare war 1853.

Question 4

what were the main impacts of the crimean war

Answer 4

casualties
treaty of paris 1856
emancipation of the serfs 1861
reforms through the 1860s

Question 5

how many died in the crimean war (social)

Answer 5

650,000/750,000 died all together
450,000 russia
90,000 france 22,000. one in 5 died of disease

Question 6

what were the notable battles of the crimean war

Answer 6

battle of balaclava/ Inkerman

Question 7

what did the treaty of paris 1856 do (political)

Answer 7

no fleet in black sea- humiliating to russia. no longer great russian bear.
duty to protect christians handed over to different european power.

Question 8

what reforms were made as a result of the crimean war (political and social)

Answer 8

emancipation
judicial- reduced corruption- fair trial
military- 1862-74 milyutin reduces conscription to 15 years.reduced strict punishments
education- takes it out of church control
local government-creation of zemstva.
economic- expanded railway infrastructure. 2 billion roubles on 20,000km of track- foreign loans

Question 9

what caused emancipation 1861

Answer 9

the idea of revolution from above.

caused changes in how russia was governed.

Question 10

when was the Russo-Turkish war and which tsar

Answer 10

1877-1878- alexander the 2nd

Question 11

what were the causes of the Russo-Turkish war

Answer 11

ongoing collapse of the Ottoman Empire

mistrust among europeans to Russias expansionist attitude

Question 12

how did the Russo-Turkish war have a political impact

Answer 12

Treaty of Stefano 1876- Russia regains Bessarabia territories, turkey paid war indemnity to Russia, large Bulgaria created.
Congress of Berlin 1878- Austria Hungary and Britain gain rights, small Bulgaria created,
social unrest due to the concessions

Question 13

how did the Russo-Turkish war have an economic impact

Answer 13

showed economic strength, use of steam powered vessels to destroy Turkish fleet.
Russia gains land and war reparations.

Question 14

what were the causes of the Russo-Japanese war

Answer 14

expansionism from both Japan and Russia
Port Arthur- Russia needed access as it was ice free
racism- Nicholas believed them to be inferior
Von Plevhe- ‘short swift victorious war’

Question 15

when was the Russo-Japanese war

Answer 15

1904-05- Nicholas 2nd

Question 16

why did Russia struggle in the RJ war

Answer 16

Significant naval defeats
lose port Arthur
battle of Tsushima and Mukden
TS railway was only one way
Russia underestimating Japan

Question 17

Political impact RJ war

Answer 17

fuelled frustrations which lead to 1905 revolution
russia had to recognise japan as soverignty in korea
Russia withdrawls from port arthur.

Question 18

social impact of RJ war

Answer 18

high casualties
conflict caused on bloody sunday
led to reform
caused the revolution in 1905

Question 19

what were the causes of world war one

Answer 19

collapse of Ottoman empire

assassination of franz ferdinand heir to austro-hungarian empire, russia supports serbia while germany supports austria.

Question 20

when was ww1

Answer 20

1914-18

fought under Alexander the 2nd and the provisional government.

Question 21

events and details of WW1

Answer 21

Tsars- success of battle of Tannenburg- 1914
series of defeats, Tsar becomes commander in chief-September 1915
Brusilov offensive- failure
issues with supply

PG- Defensive war Milyukov’s note, failure of kerensky offensive

Question 22

outcome of WW1

Answer 22

Communist government ends the war

treaty of brest litovsk 1918.

Question 23

Economic impact of WW1

Answer 23

Unemployment rose as non-essential factories closed.
inflation 300% increase in COL

TREATY OF BL- loss of economically rich areas such as Poland (industry)and Ukraine (agriculture)

Question 24

Political impact of WW1

Answer 24

most significant leads to collapse of two governments
Tsarist government collapses- placed under control of Tsarina and Rasputin
PG- collapses after failure to leave war, exploited by Bolsheviks

Question 25

Social impact of WW1

Answer 25

high unemployment and food shortages, bread rationing in Petrograd 1917 helped cause the revolution. abdication in 1917
High casualties and poor resources led to lots of desertions. PG, soldiers joined illegal land seizures.
2.5 million die in total soldiers and civilians.

Question 26

World War 2 causes

Answer 26

Hitler breaking nazi soviet pact in June 1941 through operation Barbarossa.

Question 27

world war 2 dates

Answer 27

1941-45, under Stalin

Question 28

Key dates and tactics of WW2

Answer 28

Scorched earth tactics
siege of leningrad- sept 1941-jan 1944
Battle of stalingrad- Aug 1942- 1943 
june 1944- russian counter offensive 
Battle of Berlin may 1945

Question 29

why was the politcal impact of WW2 limited

Answer 29

strengthened Stalin’s position and regime as he introduced himself into cult of personality
was already totalitarian

Question 30

economic impact of WW2

Answer 30

Caused huge devastation to the economy.
Scorched- deliberate destruction to avoid german enterprises
1/3 of industry and agriculture fell into german hands
4th 5 year plan met targets within 3 years

Question 31

what were the social impacts of ww2

Answer 31

Total casualties 27 million
Siege of Leningrad- 1.1million die
5 million taken as german POWs seen as traitors
POWs in gulags and went through purges

Question 32

what caused the cold war

Answer 32

communism v capitalism heightened after WW2.

iron curtain speech churchill and the truman doctrine

Question 33

events of the cold war

Answer 33

USA- containment policy
Marshall plan v cominform
Berlin Blockade and Berlin war
NATO v Warsaw pact 
Proxy wars like Vietnam and Korea
space race- sputnik 1
Cuban missile crisis

Question 34

what was the social cost of the cold war

Answer 34

threat of constant nuclear war, events during the cuban missile crisis,
propaganda against western countries

Question 35

what was the political impact of the cold war

Answer 35

the USSR was recognised as a global superpower.
Poor relations with China over handling of the cold war
unsatisfactory performance led to the overthrow of Khurshchev in 1964

Question 36

what was the economic cost of the cold war

Answer 36

cominform was established, however this was not as effective as the marshall plan
Nuclear arms and space race were extremely expensive. Russian governments prioritised military spending over consumer goods.

Question 37

1905 revolution long term causes

Answer 37

economic issues, poor working conditions in cities

peasant poverty and redemption payments, indirect taxes and no national parliament

Question 38

short term causes of 1905 revolution

Answer 38

RJ WAR,
1902 slump in employment
bloody sunday and red cockerel