Russia and its empire/ nationalities/ satellite states Flashcards
what were the different nationalities in Russia from 1855-64
Polish Jewish Caucasians Finns Baltic provenience ( Estonia Lithuania etc)
what were the relations with Poland like when Alexander come to the throne
strongly under Russian control
what did the poles wish for after the initial reforms of alexander the 2nd
political autonomy, education reforms and reopening of warsaw university
what caused the agricultural society to be closed in 1861
Warsaw demonstrations in which 200 people were killed.
what made the tsar start to offer concessions to poles
throughout 1862 his brother Constantine had multiple assassination attempts against him
what directly caused the Polish revolt 1863
conscription of polish people into the Russian army
what was in the Milyutin plan of 1864
hundreds of Polish nobles exiled to Siberia
Poles emancipated and given more favourable terms then the Russians
rural councils formed which were similar to the Zemstva
what reform was not given to Poland
trial by jury
what policy did nicholas II and alexander the III deploy
russification
what was the purpose of russification
to bring non russian regions more into the framework of the Russian empire
what changes were made in 1885 in regards to russification
russian made official language. all offical documents in russian and no other languages taught in school
which places were particularly affected by russification
Poland and baltic lands like Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
Central Asia in which many weren’t Russian but also muslim
under which leader were Jews treated the worst
Alexander III
where did the majority of Jews live
“jewish pale” or Belarus
what was Alexanders reason for anti semitism
“let us not forget it was the jews who crucified jesus”
what were pogroms
organised murder and rape of jewish parts of towns
under A3 it was organised eg Little Thunder
how did the treaty of Brest Litovsk impact Poland
gave territory of Poland to the Germans granted full independence in 1918 after WW1
1920 Lenin tries invading but is repelled
independant until WW2
how did the treaty of brest litovsk impact Russia
lost 1/3 of agricultural land, 1/3 of all railway track, 1/3 of population, 2/3 coalmines and half of heavy industry
How did collectivisation impact the Ukraine
bore the brunt of compulsory collectivisation.
‘punishment famine’
5 million dead
how did the WW2 impact relations with poland
Nazi soviet pact soured relations with poland
1943- discovery of Katyn massacre 4000 polish officers killed (1940)
how did the second world war impact relations with other countries in the empire
secret police treat balkans, karachans and crimean tartars more harshly
85 million russians under control of germans
50,000 fought for germans in battle of stalin grad
5 million prisoners taken by Germans
relationship with satellite states after WW2
‘spheres of influence’
percentages agreement 1944
regained influence over Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia. they had stalin style leaderships
which satellite state was most independent after ww2
Yugoslavia- leader Tito stood up to stalin
how was relations with Poland under Khrushchev
moderate leader Gomulka had positive relationship, catholic church allowed to teach and greater independence in regards to collective farms
