Russia and its empire/ nationalities/ satellite states

Question 1

what were the different nationalities in Russia from 1855-64

Answer 1

Polish
Jewish 
Caucasians 
Finns
Baltic provenience ( Estonia Lithuania etc)

Question 2

what were the relations with Poland like when Alexander come to the throne

Answer 2

strongly under Russian control

Question 3

what did the poles wish for after the initial reforms of alexander the 2nd

Answer 3

political autonomy, education reforms and reopening of warsaw university

Question 4

what caused the agricultural society to be closed in 1861

Answer 4

Warsaw demonstrations in which 200 people were killed.

Question 5

what made the tsar start to offer concessions to poles

Answer 5

throughout 1862 his brother Constantine had multiple assassination attempts against him

Question 6

what directly caused the Polish revolt 1863

Answer 6

conscription of polish people into the Russian army

Question 7

what was in the Milyutin plan of 1864

Answer 7

hundreds of Polish nobles exiled to Siberia
Poles emancipated and given more favourable terms then the Russians
rural councils formed which were similar to the Zemstva

Question 8

what reform was not given to Poland

Answer 8

trial by jury

Question 9

what policy did nicholas II and alexander the III deploy

Answer 9

russification

Question 10

what was the purpose of russification

Answer 10

to bring non russian regions more into the framework of the Russian empire

Question 11

what changes were made in 1885 in regards to russification

Answer 11

russian made official language. all offical documents in russian and no other languages taught in school

Question 12

which places were particularly affected by russification

Answer 12

Poland and baltic lands like Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

Central Asia in which many weren’t Russian but also muslim

Question 13

under which leader were Jews treated the worst

Answer 13

Alexander III

Question 14

where did the majority of Jews live

Answer 14

“jewish pale” or Belarus

Question 15

what was Alexanders reason for anti semitism

Answer 15

“let us not forget it was the jews who crucified jesus”

Question 16

what were pogroms

Answer 16

organised murder and rape of jewish parts of towns

under A3 it was organised eg Little Thunder

Question 17

how did the treaty of Brest Litovsk impact Poland

Answer 17

gave territory of Poland to the Germans granted full independence in 1918 after WW1
1920 Lenin tries invading but is repelled
independant until WW2

Question 18

how did the treaty of brest litovsk impact Russia

Answer 18

lost 1/3 of agricultural land, 1/3 of all railway track, 1/3 of population, 2/3 coalmines and half of heavy industry

Question 19

How did collectivisation impact the Ukraine

Answer 19

bore the brunt of compulsory collectivisation.
‘punishment famine’
5 million dead

Question 20

how did the WW2 impact relations with poland

Answer 20

Nazi soviet pact soured relations with poland

1943- discovery of Katyn massacre 4000 polish officers killed (1940)

Question 21

how did the second world war impact relations with other countries in the empire

Answer 21

secret police treat balkans, karachans and crimean tartars more harshly
85 million russians under control of germans
50,000 fought for germans in battle of stalin grad
5 million prisoners taken by Germans

Question 22

relationship with satellite states after WW2

Answer 22

‘spheres of influence’
percentages agreement 1944
regained influence over Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia. they had stalin style leaderships

Question 23

which satellite state was most independent after ww2

Answer 23

Yugoslavia- leader Tito stood up to stalin

Question 24

how was relations with Poland under Khrushchev

Answer 24

moderate leader Gomulka had positive relationship, catholic church allowed to teach and greater independence in regards to collective farms

Question 25

what gave hope that under Khrushchev there would be more rights

Answer 25

his secret speech suggested that totalitarian rule would reduce

Question 26

how did khrushchev treaty hungary

Answer 26

become more liberalised but when they kept pushing for reforms he sent tanks in the Hungarian influence

Question 27

how do we see ussr expansion into asia

Answer 27

under the Virgin land campaign we see it get expanded to countries such as Kazakhstan.
Sentiment was negative in CentAsia - they felt that the immigrants were taking their land

Question 28

what were the differences between how the tsars and communists dealt with asia

Answer 28

the USSR would offer constitutions to induce countries into the USSR
whereas the tsars used force

Question 29

what did stolypin push for in 1910

Answer 29

pushed for greater migration into asia

Question 30

how was islam treated under the tsars

Answer 30

UNDER TSARS: Islam recognised & respected as a major religion; N2 - All-Russian Muslim
League allowed representation in the first Duma - but then disallowed after the 1907
electoral law

Question 31

how was islam treated under communists

Answer 31

UNDER COMMUNISTS: guarantees that their rights would be protected, condemnation of
the repression they encountered under the Tsars

Question 32

what was asias war involvement

Answer 32

1915-17: govt initially tried to conscript to help with the war effort, but Central Asians were not deemed fit for combat & were given other jobs This caused a conscription revolt - showed how sensitive they were to Russian involvement
in their affairs

Question 33

how was russians control over china

Answer 33

originally supported the KMT even though it was not fully communist and tried to support during ww2 when japan invaded
good relationship with china after 1949 with mao. however, this worsened in 1953 when Stalin died.

Question 34

how was Russians control over Mancuria

Answer 34

loose port arthur in 1905, Japan occupy from 31-45. Gained by Russia again after the war until stalins death 1953