The impact of Napoleon's rule on France - 1799-1815 NEEDED FOR EXAM Flashcards
Political change: Napoleon's consolidation of power and establishment of Emperor status; constitutional developments Have a mindmap for
What was the infernale machine attack?
An attempt to assassinate Napoleon on the way to the opera
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When was the infernale machine attack?
Dec 1800
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How many people were injured during the infernale machine attack?
52, including Napoleon’s stepdaughter
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What two things saved Napoleon during the infernale machine attack?
- The speed of his carriage
- Low quality gunpowder used by attackers
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What did the infernale machine attack highlight?
That the rule under Napoleon wasn’t universally accepted and measures would be needed to consolidate his rule
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What was the Plebiscite of 1800?
A direct vote for the French for the ratification of the Constitution of the Year VIII
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What did the Plebiscite of 1800 show?
Napoleon’s concern for democratic processes and a justification for the coup of Brumaire.
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What did the Plebiscite of 1800 aim to do?
Give Napoleon First Consul
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How many men actually voted? % and number
Roughly only 25% voted, representing 1.5 million men
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How were the votes changed to appear as though Napoleon had an overwhelming majority?
Napoleon’s brother Lucien, whom he had appointed Minister of the Interior, adjusted the statistics to show that 42.26% of the electorate had supported Napoleon
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How were members of the Council of State selected after Napoleon became First Consul?
Napoleon selected the members of the Council of State over which he presided.
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Who became Napoleon’s first Minister of Justice in 1800?
Cambacérès
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Who became Napoleon’s Minister for Police in 1800?
Fouché
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What two things did the Constitution provide in 1800?
- Some continuity of personnel between the Directory and the new Tribunate and Legislative Body.
- The structure of the government remained very similar which ensured stability.
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What did Napoleon claim in 1800 after he became First Consul?
That he had responded to the people’s and country’s needs by supplying a strong and effective government from a ruler whose decisions were taken ‘in the people’s best interests’
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What three things did the plebiscite of 1800 allow?
- Napoleon to show apparent concern for democracy
- Napoleon to provide retrospective justification for the coup of brumaire
- Napoleon the necessary confirmation of his position as first counsel to those who had challenged his position
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What did Napoleon not tolerate?
Jacobinism
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How were the police and spies used to monitor Jacobinism?
Police to be vigilant for it
Spies used to infiltrate potential Jacobin groups
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Who was found to be guilty of the infernale machine attack?
Royalists who were found and guillotined
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Who was wrongly blamed for the infernale machine attack?
Jacobins until the royalists were found
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How many Jacobins were deported to the Seychelles or Guiana in 1801
129 leaders
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What happened to civil servants who were thought to be Jacobin sympathisers?
They were dismissed
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Where was the risk of Jacobinism strongest?
In lower ranks of the army
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What did royalists initially believe that Napoleon would do when he became first consul?
Place Comte de Provence (Louis XVIII) on the throne
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When Louis XVIII (Comte de Provence) wrote to Napoleon in 1800, what did he reply back with?
’you should not hope to come back to France. It would be better for you to march over ‘one hundred thousand corpses’.
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How did Napoleon deal with royalist revolts?
Military tribunals
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How did General Brune deal with royalists in holland?
General Brune dealt harshly with royalists in holland who refused Napoleon’s truce offerings
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How did Napoleon use the prefects and police to oversee royalist activity?
He extended the remit of police and used his prefects to report on incidents of trouble
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What was wrongly reported regarding royalists in 1804?
That a Bourbon prince was had been in touch with émigrés and royalists to kidnap Napoleon and take him to Strasbourg
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What was the Bourbon prince accused of in 1804?
Of bearing arms against the Republic, receiving funds from England and plotting.
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