The impact of Environment on Speciation

Question 1

allopatric

Answer 1

geographicical barrier

Question 2

peripatric

Answer 2

species on the periphery are isolated

Question 3

parapatric

Answer 3

due to partial spacial isolation
hybrid zone

Question 4

sympatric

Answer 4

no gene flow due to preference change

Question 5

founder effect

Answer 5

migrant population does not represent parent population

Question 6

Big Bird lineage parents

Answer 6

Geospiz Fortis
Geospiza conirostris

Question 7

why do Big Bird offspring have to interbreed?

Answer 7

isolated because of their song

Question 8

How long did Darwin spend in the Galapagos Islands?

Answer 8

5weeks

Question 9

Big Bird is an example of speciation occuring over how many generations…?

Answer 9

three

Question 10

increased melanin causes…

Answer 10

decreased vitamin D

Question 11

ethiopa vs congo body shape

Answer 11

pygmy vs nilotic

Question 12

Allen’s rule:

Answer 12

as latitude increases, humans become shorter to reduce SA

Question 13

Biilliac Breadth increases as…

Answer 13

latitude increases

Question 14

what climates where neanderthals found in?

Answer 14

cold climates

Question 15

what climates were homo erectus found in?

Answer 15

warm climates

Question 16

early environments likely to have been abundant in:

Answer 16

vitamin C
N-3 FA
iodine
B vitamins

Question 17

essential vitamisn indicate early humans lived in environments with an abundance of…?

Answer 17

fruit (rain forest)
fish (river)
meat (Savannah)

Question 18

Savannah hypothesis aims to explain what aspects of modern humans…

Answer 18

bipedalism
hairless
speech + intelligence

Question 19

Waterside Hypothesis evidence:

Answer 19

spine and lower limbs in same plane
bipedal, naked, subcutanous fat
strong diving reflex
wrinkled fingertips in response to water

Question 20

When does the diving reflex dissapear in newborns?

Answer 20

4 months

Question 21

diving reflex:

Answer 21

HR decrease (Stronger in humans)

Question 22

fish in waterside hypothesis:

Answer 22

more protein = less time hunting

Question 23

grasping reflex dissapears at what age?

Answer 23

6 months

Question 24

primates came from…

Answer 24

West Africa

Question 25

When were humans in east africa?

Answer 25

3/4 million years ago

Question 26

Congo Basin:

Answer 26

Rain and Swamp Forest

Question 27

why does living in the congo basin support the waterside hypothesis?

Answer 27

swimming easier form of travel

Question 28

salts, minerals, iodine-rich plants found…

Answer 28

Mbeli Bei

Question 29

how do humans and primates differ?

Answer 29

primates arent fond of water

Question 30

The effect of Water on Great Ape dispersal

Answer 30

congo divides banobos, and different chimpanzee populations = rivers do not divid ehuman species

Question 31

importance of human follils being found with African animal fossils

Answer 31

African animals display wetland adaptations

Question 32

need to surive in water would have promoted which modenr human trait…

Answer 32

bipedalism

Question 33

limitation of waterside hypotheiss:

Answer 33

insufficent at explaining why fish heavily present in human diet

Question 34

million year flood in congo:

Answer 34

ancestors forced to be near water, leading to adaptions

Question 35

how can we explain importance of fish in diet?

Answer 35

drought periods cause fish to congregate in mud pools

Question 36

why did ancestral humand leave wetland?

Answer 36

draughts persisted over floods
forced to migrate to East Africa

Question 37

waterside hypothesis implies what?

Answer 37

already bipedal and hairless by the time we entered the savannah

Question 38

when is speciation encouraged?

Answer 38

when gene flow is blocked