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psychology > The Development of Evolutionary Thinking > Flashcards

The Development of Evolutionary Thinking Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the concept of evolution established?

A

before the 1800s

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2
Q

knowledge of genetics pre-darwin: stable varieties…

A

nearly always breed true

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3
Q

knowledge of genetics pre-darwin: hybrids can be identical…

A

to one parent, or a combination. hybrid x hybrid yields great variation. hybrids do not breed true

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4
Q

knowledge of genetics pre-darwin: sometimes mutations are seen in…

A

stable varieties

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5
Q

knowledge of genetics pre-darwin… mutated animals can be bred with normals to produce….?

A

stable varieties

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6
Q

Who published Systema Naturae, and in what year was the first edition published?

A

Linnaeus,
1735

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7
Q

Describe the classification within Systema Naturae

A

systems, classes, orders, species, genera and kingdoms

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8
Q

Who believed that evolution followed natural laws, and that humans and apes were related?

A

Comte de Buffon

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9
Q

Who wrote The Histoire Naturelle, and in what year?

A

Comte de Buffon, 1749

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10
Q

Who believed that evolution leads to increasing complexity?

A

Lamarck

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11
Q

Which book by Lamarck described evolution, and in what year was it published?

A

Philosophie zoologique, 1809

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12
Q

Which evolutionary thinker’s work focused on fossils, and demonstrated that animals can go extinct?

A

Cuvier (1817)

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13
Q

What inspired Darwin’s Theory of evolution?

A

Hutton’s unconformity

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14
Q

who was Robert FitzRoy?

A

captain of the HMS Beagle

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15
Q

According to Ussher’s chronology, when was the Earth created?

A

4004 BC

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16
Q

Describe the trip of the HMS Beagle?

A

1831 to 1836
focused on South Africa

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17
Q

Who identified differences in beak size in Galapagus finches?

A

Gould

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18
Q

Malay archipelago was written by ….

A

Alfred Russel Wallace (1869)

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19
Q

Brachiopods from the Falkland Islands displayed what, and were discovered by whom…

A

organisation
Darwin

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20
Q

Where was the Wallace Line?

A

between South East Asia and Australasia

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21
Q

Sarawak Law

A

Geological changes are tied with location of animals and plants
Animals in same geographical location display similarities
Changes occur with distance

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22
Q

How long did Darwin spend on the Galapagos islands?

A

19 days

23
Q

Alfred Russel Wallace

A

1823- 1913

24
Q

Wallace collected samples from…

A

South America/Malay archipelago

25
Q

Malay Archipelago

A

south east asia and australia

26
Q

animals towards Australasia of Wallace line:

A

marsupials

27
Q

describe lydekker’s line

A

easternmost boundary of Wallace’s line

28
Q

the area between Wallace line and lydekker line:

A

transition zone (mixture of fauna and flora

29
Q

Who wrote the Sarwack Law: gradual geological changes associated with animal and plant distrubution

A

Wallace

30
Q

On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the Original Type

A

Wallace, 1858
Ternate

31
Q

Which paper did Darwin receive from Wallace?

A

On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the Original Type

32
Q

On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection” presented by whom?

A

1858
Darwin and Wallace

33
Q

How long was Darwin alleged to have kept the paper by Wallace?

A

14 days

34
Q

if Darwin did not deceive Wallace, when would his letter have arrived?

A

18th June

35
Q

Who did Darwin and Wallace present to?

A

the Linnean Society

36
Q

what year did the beagle set sail?

A

1831

37
Q

Matthew Patrick believed that

A

nurseries allow weaker trees to mature, unlike in nature

38
Q

FitzRoy’s was conscious about timber as ship building material and therefore

A

may have discussed with Darwin information from the Gardener’s Chronicle

39
Q

FitzRoy’s was conscious about timber as ship building material and therefore

A

may have discussed with Darwin information from the Gardener’s Chronicle

40
Q

how long was the voyage?

A

5 years

41
Q

The evidence behind evolution:

A
  1. ordered fossils recorded
  2. homologous limb morphology
  3. similar early embryos
  4. vestigial organs
42
Q

fossil record organisation:

A

simple organisms at the bottom of fossil layers

43
Q

limb plan of mammals

A

5 digits

44
Q

homologous limb morphology

A

jaw bones resemble fish gills
limb plan similar to that of fish

45
Q

vestigial organs

A

dolphins lose limb buds in embryogenesis
bone derived from leg in snakes forms part of sex organ

46
Q

Genomic Evidence may resemble tree of life

A

support of evolution

47
Q

humans may have evolved from

A

lungfish

48
Q

Genomic Evidence:

A

Neanderthal DNA in modern humans

49
Q

how much DNA do Europeans share with Neanderthals?

A

1.5 to 2.1%

50
Q

key principles of evolution

A

competition
variation
adaptation

51
Q

Denial of Evolution

A

turkey
nearly half in USA

52
Q

state of Tennesse vs john thomas scopes

A

monkey trial
evolution became legal to teach

53
Q

where is evolution not taught?

A

Oklahoma

54
Q

when was the theory of natural selection first presented?

A

Wallace and Darwin Linnean Society in 1858

psychology (9 decks)

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