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Psychology > Evolutionary Theories of Mental Illness > Flashcards

Evolutionary Theories of Mental Illness Flashcards

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1
Q

Early theories and treatments

A

devil possession
exoticism

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2
Q

Bronze Age and Medieval treatments:

A

trepanation

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3
Q

Year of Bedlam Hospital set up:

A

1600/1700s

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4
Q

William James Norris in Bedlam for 10 years brought about what change?

A

Mad House Act of 1828

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5
Q

Who was instrumental in psychiatric disorder classification?

A

Kraeplin (1856-1926)

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6
Q

How did Kraeplin categorise conditions?

A

by patterns of symptoms

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7
Q

Work of Kraepelin:

A

identified pathological basis of Alzheimer’s disease
identified schizophrenia and manic depression

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8
Q

Drapetomania

A

‘The Running Away Disease’

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9
Q

treatment of Drapetomania:

A

Rush’s tranquilising chair
1800s

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10
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

developed in response to Freud not believing in childhood sexual abuse

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11
Q

psychoanalysis mostly practiced where?

A

USA

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12
Q

how long for psychoanalaysis to be efffective?

A

2-3 years

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13
Q

Antonia Egas Moniz

A

pure alcohol injected to the brain to destroy tissues

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14
Q

Buckhardt work:

A

psychosurgery schizophrenic patients with a 50% success rate

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15
Q

Work by Fulton and Jacobsen:

A

removed frontal lobe of chimpanzees

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16
Q

Freeman:

A

transorbital frontal lobotomies

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17
Q

number of surgeries performed by Freeman:

A

3,500
2,500 ice pick

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18
Q

how many people in the US had a lobotomy?

A

50 thousand

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19
Q

US, Britain, Scandainavia, lobotomies performed until what year?

A

1980s

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20
Q

number of people institutionalised reduced in response to what?

A

advent of anti-depressants

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21
Q

first gen AD

A

1950s

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22
Q

2nd gen AD

A

70s

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23
Q

diagnostic methods:

A

DSM- 1-V
ICD 1-10

24
Q

psychiatrists unable to:

A

identify and demonstrate the tissue pathology and establish cure

25
Q

why have new AD failed?

A

based upon old AD which were flawed

26
Q

by what year had most companies stopped looking for psychiatric drugs?

A

2010s

27
Q

how many people derived benefit from being given a placebo?

A

40%

28
Q

combination therapy:

A

higher than placebo

29
Q

psilocybin induces

A

placebo effect only

30
Q

issues with Nesse’s approach:

A
  1. OCD can cause disease
  2. does not account for PTSD
  3. involuntary poo
  4. not being fearful
31
Q

Nesse related to anxiety disorders to what?

A

corresponding dangers

32
Q

Human fear response:

A

freezing
eyes wide
mouth open
hands open

33
Q

involuntary defaecation is a …

A

fear response
allows for removal of diseased material

34
Q

who applied evolution to psychiatry?

A

Nesse

35
Q

Evolutionary Theories of Depression:

A
  1. The environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA)
  2. paleo theory
36
Q

EEA

A

mismatch theory
traits we have had are not suitable for our current environment

37
Q

city centred- causes of depression:

A
  1. negative life events
  2. loss of kinship
  3. disrupted nuclear family
  4. loss of female support networks
  5. lack of care for children
38
Q

the environment of evolutionary adaptness weaknesses:

A

which environment out of the 3 are they reffering to?
why do so many people live cities?

39
Q

evolutionary theories of depression:

A

social competition
social navigation
defection hypothesis
individual differences
pathogen host degence proposition
produced by a pathogen

40
Q

social competition hypothesis:

A

defeated in the world

41
Q

social navigation hypothesis:

A

rumination

42
Q

defection hypothesis

A

post partum depression

43
Q

individual differences

A

normlal distribution of sadness

44
Q

pathogen host defence

A

avoid people to avoid infection

45
Q

produced by pathogen hypothesis

A

pathogen causes depression

46
Q

criticisms of clinicans approach to depression:

A
  1. too much focus on emotion
  2. implies human evolution is not ongoing
  3. assume depression is a pathology and not an adaption
  4. current envirnment seen as messed up earlier paradise
47
Q

clinicans approach to depression is unable to be

A

tested by an experiment : fails Popper’s test

48
Q

psychiatris analysis focuses on self report and therefore can ignore

A

non-reported symptoms

49
Q

Ethology

A

Tinbergen
induction

50
Q

Tinbergen’s four question:

A

Form
Ontogeny
Function
Phylogeny

51
Q

ontogeny

A

how does the organism change through its life?

52
Q

phylogeny

A

how do similiar speices solve the same problems

53
Q

defensive form of depression:

A

hunched body posture
avoidnce eye contact
diminished appetite for food and sex
withdrawal within social groups
sleep disturbance

54
Q

depression may allow for surivival withn

A

a hostile group

55
Q

The Third Ventrice Hypothesis

A

hypothamus: sex and appetite
pineal: sleep

Psychology (9 decks)

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