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The Human Evolutionary Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

Who claimed to have found the piltdown man?

A

Charles Dawson in 1912

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2
Q

When was the piltdown man shown to be a hoax?

A

1952

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3
Q

when was it believed that the piltdown man was alive?

A

500,000 years ago

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4
Q

piltdown man bones:

A

medieval human skull bones, oragantan jaw bone, chimapnzee tooth, stained with acid

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5
Q

the missing link

A

is not real

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6
Q

last common ancestor of monkeys and apes was alive….

A

25 million years ago

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7
Q

chimpazees and banaboos evolvuled separately from

A

humans

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8
Q

when was the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees alive?

A

8-6 million years ago

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9
Q

molecular clock hypothesis

A

DNA sequence evolution in spacer is relatively constant

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10
Q

how can the molecular clock hypothesis be used to estimate when species diverged from their common ancestor?

A

number of genetic differnces between species

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11
Q

Hawaiin islands

A

exact correlation between time since spearation and genetic distance

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12
Q

when did gorillas split from the ancestral line which gave rise to humans?

A

6-8 million years ago

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13
Q

when did humans split from the ancestral line?

A

4.5 - 6 million years ago

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14
Q

common ancestor between humans, chimpanzees and banobos:

A

exctinct

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15
Q

Great Ape Chromosomes

A

48 (24 pairs)

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16
Q

difference at chromosome 2

A

humans have have 1 large chromosome instead of 2 small ones

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17
Q

how do we know that human chromosome 2 fused together?

A

telomere in the middle and 2 centromeres

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18
Q

Australopithecus afranesi

A

East Africa (lucy)
3 to 4 million years ago

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19
Q

australopithecus africanusples

A

South Africa
2to 3 million years ago

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20
Q

hominid dental system

A

smaller than apes, also decreased in size over the course of evolution

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21
Q

paranthropus boisei

A

East Africa
1.6 to 2.5 million years ago

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22
Q

evolution

A

brains larger
jaws more U shaped

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23
Q

difference between human and chimpanzee dental system

A

humans have softer aches and different canines, smaller mollars

24
Q

when did hominids start to eat more grass

A

3.5 million year s ago

25
Q

paranthropus robusus

A

1.2 to 2 million years ago

26
Q

why did teeth shrink over time?

A

larger teeth required for mastication but this was not required as much due to cooking

27
Q

australopithicus sediba

A

2 million years ago approx

28
Q

evidence for bipedal adaptions: when were footprints seen in fossils?

A

3.6 million years ago

29
Q

bipedal adaptations of the skull:

A

foramane magnum: posterior in pan troglocyte and in middle in humans

30
Q

bipedal spinal adaptations:

A

human spines are S-shaved, vertebraw go thicker towards the bottom, and are wedge shape

31
Q

bipedal musculature bipedal adaptions:

A

gluteal muscles shorter and shoulder muscles + achildies tendons longer in humans (can walk and run)

32
Q

adaptaions of H.erectus comared to afarensis:

A

narrow chest, narrow waist, short forearm

33
Q

H.erectus

A

2 million to 150,000 years ago

34
Q

laetoli footprints

A

bipedal gait

35
Q

afranesis and modern humans simalrities:

A

posterior foreman magnum , broad pelvis, angled thigh bones, arched feet

36
Q

homo erectus

A

spread beyond africa
seafarers
first to use fire for cooking
dmanisi

37
Q

homo heidelbergensis

A

archaic homo sapiens
700 to 200,000 years ago
meat eaters
shelters
fossils with axes
germant

38
Q

Homo neanderthalisis

A

200,000 to 28,00 years ago
Germany

39
Q

How much neanderthal genome in modern humans?

40
Q

neanderthal and modern human habituation overlap:

A

middle east

41
Q

subtypes of neanderthals:

A

Western Europeans, southern Europeans and eastern (Denisovans)

42
Q

Denisovans first disocered in denisova cave in sibera have also been found on

A

Tibetan Plateau

43
Q

% of Denisovan genes in people from Asia and Oceania

44
Q

how much DNA is shared between Neanderthals and humans?

A

1.5 to 2.1%

45
Q

exit of modern humans from Africa

A

50 to 60,00 years ago

46
Q

how many directions of gene flow followed migration of modern humans out of africa?

47
Q

modern humans who migrated straight from Africa to Oceania would not have mixed with..

A

neanderthals

48
Q

areas of mixture

A

east asia
philippines
sudna
flores

49
Q

ancestral humans preffered

A

green sapces

50
Q

Denisovan genes transferred to Australasia

A

BUT denisovans did not

51
Q

Homo Floresieiss

A

small
island
late pleistocene
extinct perhaps 50,00 years ago

52
Q

neanderthals vs modern human brain

A

neanderthal brain bigger

53
Q

when did modern humans emerge

A

100 to 150,00 years ago

54
Q

difference between sub-saharan africans and melanesians DNA

A

Melanesians have the most neanderthal DNA

55
Q

why do modern humans have Neanderthal DNA

A

Denisovans and neanderthals living on modern human migration routes

56
Q

where and when was the piltdown man presented:

A

Geological society 1912

Psychology (9 decks)

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