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Psychology > Comparative Cognition > Flashcards

Comparative Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

indicators of developed cognition

A

use of tools

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2
Q

cogniton of birds resembles that of

A

primates

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3
Q

cogniton of birds resembles that of

A

primates

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4
Q

first use of tools by humans

A

Palaeothlic

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5
Q

Which humans understood how to utulise platform depth and exterior platform angle?

A

H heidelbergensis, H eretctus, neanderthals

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6
Q

Lower Palaeothlic tools

A

Chopper stones
flakes

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7
Q

What happened to tools as the paleothic age progressed?

A

tools became sharper

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8
Q

the correlation of technological innervation with what characteristic is poorly understood?

A

Brain size

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9
Q

the correlation of technological innervation with what characteristic is poorly understood?

A

Brain size

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10
Q

what aspect of the cortex is thought to contribute to cognition?

A

gyri

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11
Q

why are human brains not as expected?

A

larger than apes, neocortex larger than expected, more white matter

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12
Q

Encephalization quotient

A

ratio between observed and predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size

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13
Q

human cognitive ability may be explained by

A

relative size of cortical areas: increased relative size of neocortex. more neurons

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14
Q

how do primates and rodents differ in brain structure?

A

primates alwaysc oncentrate larger numbers of neurons in the brain than rodents of a similar, or even larger,brain size, especially in the cerebral cortex

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15
Q

evolution of tools hows what progression?

A

refined sharpening

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16
Q

when did length of flint edge increase relative to its size

A

pleistocene

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17
Q

flint thickness at its origin:

A

platform depth

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18
Q

exterior platoform angle:

A

angle between the surface being hit and the surface of stone core being used to make the flake

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19
Q

how can flakes be made with sharper edges?

A

increasing the exterior platform angle

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20
Q

where can middle stone age tools be found?

A

Jebel Irhoud

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21
Q

When did H. habilis and H. erectus make early Pleistocene stone flakes?

A

1 million years ago

22
Q

describe the flakes made by H. habilis and H. erectus

A

short working edge

23
Q

how were H.erectus, followed by H.heidelbergensis and then Neanderthals able to make tools shaper?

A

understood how to manipulate exterior platform angle and platform depth

24
Q

How long ago was lower paleolitihic?

A

2 to 1.3 million years ago

25
Q

When was the middle paleolithic?

A

1.2 mil to 40 thousand years ago

26
Q

How long ago was the upper paleolithic?

A

40 thousand to 8 thousand years ago

26
Q

How long ago was the upper paleolithic?

A

40 thousand to 8 thousand years ago

27
Q

what was the trend in tool size through the paleothilic?

A

increasing tool sharpness

28
Q

lower palaeolithic tools:

A

chopper cores
flakes for cutting and scraping (33mm)

29
Q

Describe tools in the middle palaeolitihic:

A

ranging in size: 5 to 9 inches long and

30
Q

Acheulean flakes and hand axe tracked back to when?

A

middle palaeolithic

31
Q

length of tools in upper palaeolithic:

A

long
facets to attach to spear (siberia)

32
Q

when were handpaintings and crafted figurines dated back to?

A

Upper palaeolithic

33
Q

which brain regions in modern humans are larger than expected?

A

cerebellum and neocortex

34
Q

how has skull morphology changes throughout human development

A

flattening of the face, perhaps due to a large neocortex

35
Q

human encephalization factor

A

0.7

36
Q

brain simalrities across mammals

A

primary
somatosensory
visual
auditiory cortical areas

37
Q

how do human brains differ to that of other mammals?

A

cortical areas have different relative sizes and locations

38
Q

the spare capacity hypothesis explains what?

A

enhanced human cognitive abilities

39
Q

how many neurons are in the cortex?

A

16 billion

40
Q

is brain size a reliable indicator of neuron number?

A

no

41
Q

why dont larger bodied primates have larger brains?

A

energy to sustain more neurons too great

42
Q

whar event correlated with the emergence of Homo erectus/H. ergaster?

A

use of fire

43
Q

why increased food processing efficieny required?

A

time spent eating to comepnsate for energy use above that of viability curve (8hrs)

44
Q

when did H.erectus emerge?

A

1.7 million years ago

45
Q

use of fire

A

790,000 years ago (or perhaps 1.7 million years ago)

46
Q

Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov, Israel hominins

A

habitual fire use

47
Q

expensive tissue hypothesis

A

in order for brain to evolve in size, energy requirements of other tissues must be reduced

48
Q

how does cooking relate to expensive hypothesis?

A

Cooking food meant that small jaws, teeth and gut required

49
Q

Evidence for cooking is inferred from…

A

hearths that containanimal remains showing signsof being heat treated

50
Q

antibacterial herbs

A

onion
oregano
sage
parsley
corrinader
fennel
basil

Psychology (9 decks)

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