The Immune System

Question 1

The immune system helps _______ the body from ______; collects ______ lost from blood ______ and return it to the _____________ system

Answer 1

protect
disease
fluid
vessels
circulatory

Question 2

timeline: 0 to 12 hours
consists of 1st and 2nd line of defence

Answer 2

innate immunity
(non specific defence mechanisms)

Question 3

timeline: 1 to 7 days
consists of the 3rd line of defence

Answer 3

adaptive immunity
(specific defence mechanisms)

Question 4

1st line of defence:

Answer 4

• skin
• mucous membranes
• secretion of skin
•secretion of mucous membranes

Question 5

2nd line of defence:

Answer 5

• macrophages
• other phagocytes (i.e. neutrophils, NK cells)
• antimicrobial proteins
• inflammatory response (e.g. redness, fever)

Question 6

3rd line of defence:

Answer 6

• lymphocytes (B & T cells)
• antigen-specific
• antibodies
• memory

Question 7

includes the skin; mucous membranes; hair within the nose; cilia in the upper respiratory tract; urine; perspiration; saliva; stomach gastric juice; and sebum

Answer 7

1st line of defence

Question 8

includes an inflammatory response and white blood cells (phagocytes) that ingest pathogens

Answer 8

2nd line of defence

Question 9

the blood contains these cells to fight infection at both innate and adaptive immune levels

Answer 9

white blood cells

Question 10

alternative name for white blood cells

Answer 10

leukocytes

Question 11

where are white blood cells produced?

Answer 11

produced in the bone marrow

Question 12

where do white blood cells come from?

Answer 12

come from stem cells

Question 13

a common type of white blood cell of the innate immune system

Answer 13

phagocytes

Question 14

phagocytes:
_____ and digest foreign particles such as _______ and dead or ________ cells in a process called ____________

Answer 14

engulf
bacteria
dying
phagocytosis

Question 15

the process in which phagocytes engulf and digest foreign particles such as bacteria and dead or dying cells

Answer 15

phagocytosis

Question 16

a common type of white blood cell of the adaptive immune system

Answer 16

lymphocytes

Question 17

what are the two types of lymphocytes?

Answer 17

B cells
T cells

Question 18

make antibodies

Answer 18

B cells

Question 19

Y-shaped proteins that respond to a specific antigen on a virus, bacterium etc. and lock on to it

Answer 19

antibodies

Question 20

B cells:
• make ________
• are specific on the ______
• attach on the ______ and create _______. this lessens movement of the ______ thus making them easier to be “_____ and _________” by ___________.

Answer 20

antibodies
invader
antigens
clumping
invaders
hunted
destroyed
macrophages

Question 21

where are T cells produced

Answer 21

produced in bone

Question 22

where do T cells mature

Answer 22

thymus gland

Question 23

produce chemicals which signals B cells to make antibodies

Answer 23

helper T cells

Question 24

actively attack invaders by puncturing their cell membrane and destroying them

Answer 24

killer T cells

Question 25

signal the immune system to shut down once the threat has been eliminated

Answer 25

suppressor T cells

Question 26

retains an imprint of the antigen so that should the invader return, your body can deal with it before it becomes quickly established

Answer 26

memory T cells

Question 27

when your immune system mistakenly attacks your body

Answer 27

autoimmune diseases

Question 28

common autoimmune diseases:

Answer 28

• diabetes • rheumatoid arthritis • psoriasis • multiple sclerosis • inflammatory bowel syndrome • celiac disease

Question 29

part of the immune system

Answer 29

lymphatic system

Question 30

lymphatic system: a network of _____ throughout the body. It _____ fluid (called lymph) that has leaked from the _____ _______ into the _____ and empties it back into the __________ via the lymph nodes

Answer 30

tubes drains blood vessels tissues bloodstream

Question 31

protect disease fluid vessels circulatory

Answer 31

The immune system helps _______ the body from ______; collects ______ lost from blood ______ and return it to the _____________ system

Question 32

innate immunity (non specific defence mechanisms)

Answer 32

timeline: 0 to 12 hours consists of 1st and 2nd line of defence

Question 33

adaptive immunity (specific defence mechanisms)

Answer 33

timeline: 1 to 7 days consists of the 3rd line of defence

Question 34

• skin • mucous membranes • secretion of skin •secretion of mucous membranes

Answer 34

1st line of defence:

Question 35

• macrophages • other phagocytes (i.e. neutrophils, NK cells) • antimicrobial proteins • inflammatory response (e.g. redness, fever)

Answer 35

2nd line of defence:

Question 36

• lymphocytes (B & T cells) • antigen-specific • antibodies • memory

Answer 36

3rd line of defence:

Question 37

1st line of defence

Answer 37

includes the skin; mucous membranes; hair within the nose; cilia in the upper respiratory tract; urine; perspiration; saliva; stomach gastric juice; and sebum

Question 38

2nd line of defence

Answer 38

includes an inflammatory response and white blood cells (phagocytes) that ingest pathogens

Question 39

white blood cells

Answer 39

the blood contains these cells to fight infection at both innate and adaptive immune levels

Question 40

leukocytes

Answer 40

alternative name for white blood cells

Question 41

produced in the bone marrow

Answer 41

where are white blood cells produced?

Question 42

come from stem cells

Answer 42

where do white blood cells come from?

Question 43

phagocytes

Answer 43

a common type of white blood cell of the innate immune system

Question 44

engulf bacteria dying phagocytosis

Answer 44

phagocytes: _____ and digest foreign particles such as _______ and dead or ________ cells in a process called ____________

Question 45

phagocytosis

Answer 45

the process in which phagocytes engulf and digest foreign particles such as bacteria and dead or dying cells

Question 46

lymphocytes

Answer 46

a common type of white blood cell of the adaptive immune system

Question 47

B cells T cells

Answer 47

what are the two types of lymphocytes?

Question 48

B cells

Answer 48

make antibodies

Question 49

antibodies

Answer 49

Y-shaped proteins that respond to a specific antigen on a virus, bacterium etc. and lock on to it

Question 50

antibodies invader antigens clumping invaders hunted destroyed macrophages

Answer 50

B cells: • make ________ • are specific on the ______ • attach on the ______ and create _______. this lessens movement of the ______ thus making them easier to be “_____ and _________” by ___________.

Question 51

produced in bone

Answer 51

where are T cells produced

Question 52

thymus gland

Answer 52

where do T cells mature

Question 53

helper T cells

Answer 53

produce chemicals which signals B cells to make antibodies

Question 54

killer T cells

Answer 54

actively attack invaders by puncturing their cell membrane and destroying them

Question 55

suppressor T cells

Answer 55

signal the immune system to shut down once the threat has been eliminated

Question 56

memory T cells

Answer 56

retains an imprint of the antigen so that should the invader return, your body can deal with it before it becomes quickly established

Question 57

autoimmune diseases

Answer 57

when your immune system mistakenly attacks your body

Question 58

• diabetes • rheumatoid arthritis • psoriasis • multiple sclerosis • inflammatory bowel syndrome • celiac disease

Answer 58

common autoimmune diseases:

Question 59

lymphatic system

Answer 59

part of the immune system

Question 60

tubes drains blood vessels tissues bloodstream

Answer 60

lymphatic system: a network of _____ throughout the body. It _____ fluid (called lymph) that has leaked from the _____ _______ into the _____ and empties it back into the __________ via the lymph nodes