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Health Science > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

The endocrine system controls ________, _______, and ___________; maintains ______________.

A

growth
development
metabolism
homeostasis

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2
Q

part of the brain that links the endocrine and nervous systems

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

the hypothalamus sends signals to the __________ to release or ________ hormone __________.

A

pituitary
inhibit
production

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4
Q

the “master” gland of the endocrine system

A

pituitary gland

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5
Q

the pituitary is stimulated by the ____________ when changes in _____________ are detected to produce ____________ and ____________ other glands.

A

hypothalamus
homeostasis
chemicals
stimulate

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6
Q

affects water retention in kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin

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7
Q

helps regulate cortisol (stress hormone)

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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8
Q

affects growth and development

A

growth hormone (GH)

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9
Q

promote ovulation and production of corpus luteum in females. stimulates production of testosterone in males.

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

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10
Q

stimulates follicle development in the female cycle. stimulates sperm production in males.

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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11
Q

initiates uterine contractions and milk production

A

oxytocin

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12
Q

stimulates milk production

A

prolactin

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13
Q

stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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14
Q

key hormones of the pituitary

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
growth hormone (GH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
oxytocin
prolactin
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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15
Q

releases melatonin during night hours to help with sleep

A

pineal gland

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16
Q

produces thyroxine, the main growth and metabolic hormone

A

thyroid

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17
Q

regulates calcium levels by producing PTH (parathyroid hormone)

A

parathyroid

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18
Q

produces hormones to promote healthy immune function (that is, production of T-cells)

A

thymus

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19
Q

the thymus produces hormones to ________ and ________ glands of the endocrine system for _______ and _________ development.

A

influence
assist
growth
sexual

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20
Q

prepare the body for stress by releasing hormones

A

adrenal glands

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21
Q

increases blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen intake

A

epinephrine (adrenaline)

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22
Q

stabilizes blood pressure, heart and oxygen rate

A

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

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23
Q

composed of islets of langerhans which produces two important hormones: glucagon and insulin

A

pancreas

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24
Q

main hormones secreted in the pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon

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25
Q

Insulin:
- ______ blood sugar levels
- produced in the _____ _____ of the pancreas
- promotes the body to absorb _______ from ______. in the ______, the _________ is stored as _________.

A

lowers
beta
cells
glucose
blood
liver
glucose
glycogen

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26
Q

Glucagon:
- _____ blood sugar levels
- produced in the _____ ____ of the pancreas
- promotes the conversion of _______ to _______ which can now be absorbed by the _____.

A

raises
alpha
cells
glycogen
glucose
blood

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27
Q

diabetes symptoms

A

thirst, hunger, frequent urination, fatigue, vision changes, slow healing wounds

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28
Q

who gets type 1 diabetes

A

juvenile diabetes

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29
Q

who gets type 2 diabetes

A

adult onset diabetes

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30
Q

who gets gestational diabetes

A

diabetes during pregnacy

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31
Q

cause of type 1 diabetes

A

beta cells are attacked by immune system

32
Q

causes of type 2 diabetes

A

linked to poor diet and lack of exercise

33
Q

causes of gestational diabetes

A

hormones block action of insulin

34
Q

treatment of type 1 diabetes

A

treated with insulin injections

35
Q

treatment of type 2 diabetes

A

treated by drugs or diet

36
Q

treatment of gestational diabetes

A

usually goes away after pregnancy

37
Q

secretes sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone

A

ovaries

38
Q

secretes sex hormones such as testosterone

A

testes

39
Q

growth
development
metabolism
homeostasis

A

The endocrine system controls ________, _______, and ___________; maintains ______________.

40
Q

hypothalamus

A

part of the brain that links the endocrine and nervous systems

41
Q

pituitary
inhibit
production

A

the hypothalamus sends signals to the __________ to release or ________ hormone __________.

42
Q

pituitary gland

A

the “master” gland of the endocrine system

43
Q

hypothalamus
homeostasis
chemicals
stimulate

A

the pituitary is stimulated by the ____________ when changes in _____________ are detected to produce ____________ and ____________ other glands.

44
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin

A

affects water retention in kidneys

45
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

helps regulate cortisol (stress hormone)

46
Q

growth hormone (GH)

A

affects growth and development

47
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

promote ovulation and production of corpus luteum in females. stimulates production of testosterone in males.

48
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

stimulates follicle development in the female cycle. stimulates sperm production in males.

49
Q

oxytocin

A

initiates uterine contractions and milk production

50
Q

prolactin

A

stimulates milk production

51
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine

52
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
growth hormone (GH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
oxytocin
prolactin
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

key hormones of the pituitary

53
Q

pineal gland

A

releases melatonin during night hours to help with sleep

54
Q

thyroid

A

produces thyroxine, the main growth and metabolic hormone

55
Q

parathyroid

A

regulates calcium levels by producing PTH (parathyroid hormone)

56
Q

thymus

A

produces hormones to promote healthy immune function (that is, production of T-cells)

57
Q

influence
assist
growth
sexual

A

the thymus produces hormones to ________ and ________ glands of the endocrine system for _______ and _________ development.

58
Q

adrenal glands

A

prepare the body for stress by releasing hormones

59
Q

epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

increases blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen intake

60
Q

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

A

stabilizes blood pressure, heart and oxygen rate

61
Q

pancreas

A

composed of islets of langerhans which produces two important hormones: glucagon and insulin

62
Q

insulin and glucagon

A

main hormones secreted in the pancreas

63
Q

lowers
beta
cells
glucose
blood
liver
glucose
glycogen

A

Insulin:
- ______ blood sugar levels
- produced in the _____ _____ of the pancreas
- promotes the body to absorb _______ from ______. in the ______, the _________ is stored as _________.

64
Q

raises
alpha
cells
glycogen
glucose
blood

A

Glucagon:
- _____ blood sugar levels
- produced in the _____ ____ of the pancreas
- promotes the conversion of _______ to _______ which can now be absorbed by the _____.

65
Q

thirst, hunger, frequent urination, fatigue, vision changes, slow healing wounds

A

diabetes symptoms

66
Q

juvenile diabetes

A

who gets type 1 diabetes

67
Q

adult onset diabetes

A

who gets type 2 diabetes

68
Q

diabetes during pregnacy

A

who gets gestational diabetes

69
Q

beta cells are attacked by immune system

A

cause of type 1 diabetes

70
Q

linked to poor diet and lack of exercise

A

causes of type 2 diabetes

71
Q

hormones block action of insulin

A

causes of gestational diabetes

72
Q

treated with insulin injections

A

treatment of type 1 diabetes

73
Q

treated by drugs or diet

A

treatment of type 2 diabetes

74
Q

usually goes away after pregnancy

A

treatment of gestational diabetes

75
Q

ovaries

A

secretes sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone

76
Q

testes

A

secretes sex hormones such as testosterone

Health Science (14 decks)

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