The Hydrological Cycle Keywords

Question 1

Precipitation

Answer 1

Moisture in any form.

Input

Question 2

Evaporation

Answer 2

The conversion of water to vapour.

Output

Question 3

Transpiration

Answer 3

Water taken up by plants and transpired onto the leaf surface.
(Output)

Question 4

Evapotranspiration

Answer 4

The combined effect of evaporation and transpiration.

Output

Question 5

River discharge

Answer 5

The volume of water passing a certain point in the channel over a certain amount of time.
(Output)

Question 6

Interception

Answer 6

Temporary storage, as water is captured by plants, buildings and hard surfaces before reaching the soil.
(Storage)

Question 7

Vegetation Storage

Answer 7

Any moisture taken up by vegetation and held within plants.

Storage

Question 8

Surface Storage

Answer 8

Any moisture taken up by vegetation and held within plants.

Storage

Question 9

Soil Moisture

Answer 9

Water held within the soil.

Storage

Question 10

Groundwater Storage

Answer 10

Water held within permeable rocks (also known as an aquifer)
(Storage)

Question 11

Channel Storage

Answer 11

Water held in rivers and streams.

Storage

Question 12

Infiltration

Answer 12

Water entering the topsoil. Most common during slow or steady rainfall.
(Flow and processes)

Question 13

Throughflow

Answer 13

Also known as inter-flow; water seeping laterally through soil below the surface, but above the water table.
(Flows and processes)

Question 14

Percolation

Answer 14

The downward seepage of water through trick under gravity, especially on permeable rocks e.g. Sandstone and chalk.
(Flows and processes)

Question 15

Stem flow

Answer 15

Water flowing down plant stems or drainpipes.

Flows and processes

Question 16

Base flow

Answer 16

Also known as groundwater flow. Slow-moving water that seeps into a river channel.
(Flows and processes)

Question 17

Channel flow

Answer 17

The volume of water flowing within a river channel (also called discharge, and runoff)
(Flows and processes)

Question 18

Surface runoff

Answer 18

Also called overland flow. Flow over the surface during an intense storm, or when the ground is frozen, saturated or on impermeable clay.
(Flows and processes)

Question 19

Overland flow

Answer 19

Way water enters channel, precipitation must exceed infiltration rate.

Question 20

Throughflow

Answer 20

Lateral transfer of water downslope through soil via natural pipelines and percolines.

Question 21

Percolation

Answer 21

Deep transfer into permeable rocks.

Question 22

Saturated overland flow

Answer 22

Slower transfer, results from upward moved of water table into evaporation zone.

Question 23

Ground water flow

Answer 23

Very slow transfer through pervious or porous.