Regeneration Flashcards by Livia Merle

Employment sector

Primary 
Secondary 
Tertiary 
Quaternary 
Quinary

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Type of employment

Part/full time
Temporary/permanent
Employed/self-employed

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Social Implications

Health - linked to sectors more manual exposed to polluted chemicals.
Life expectancy - (Glasgow effect) diet, smoking, healthcare etc.
Education - linked to income levels.

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Inequalities in pay

Pay levels - low-level services receive less, seasonal jobs.

Quality of life indices - factors contributing to quality of life and inequality.

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Regeneration

Long term upgrading of existing places or more drastic renewal schemes

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Inter generational cycle

Education, underachievement and poor health may be passed on therefore the cycle needs to be broken.

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Inequality

High inequality will reduce potential for economic growth

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Spatial inequality

Differences across places at neighbourhood or street level as well between cities or countries.

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Changes in characteristics and functions

Places may be associated with a dominant function with distinct demographic characteristics reflected in employment, land use and deprivation levels.

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Functional change

Commercial
Administrative
Retail
Industrial

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Reasons for functional/Demographic change

Physical
Role of planning by government/stakeholders
Accessibility/connectedness
Historical development

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Gentrification

Change in social structure of a place when affluent people move into a location. (Upgrade to attract higher income people)

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Studentification

Term used for places offering higher education provision.

Students cluster in towns/cities and often high levels of anti social behaviour and an absence during holidays.

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Perception

Vital part of lived experiences and affects how people engage with places.

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Social consequences of inequality (reduced)

Trust in power
Participation
Educational attainment
Attatchment

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Social consequences of inequality (increased)

Segregation
Reduced life expectancy
Health issues
Status competition

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Rust belt

Term used in reference to a once powerful manufacturing region that fell into decline following global shift.

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Reinventor cities

Changed economic base successfully by encouraging IT and media, have higher wages, graduate workers and new businesses.

Replicator cities

Replaced cotton mills with call centres and dock yards and are less sustainable.

Priorities for regeneration (with example case studies)

Sink estates (Glasgow) 
Gated communities (diagonal mar) 
Commuter villages (itchen valley) 
Declining rural settlements (Powys, Wales)

Factors effecting lived experience and engagement

Membership

Influence

Levels of engagement factors

Age
Length of residence 
Gender 
Ethnicity 
Levels of deprivation

Marginalisation

People/groups are pushed to the edge by more dominant, core cultures. (Language, religion, WEALTH)

Exclusion

Extreme when access to services is restricted.

Social polarisation

Segregation from income inequality and economic restructuring.

Views and conflicts on regeneration differ because of..

Lack of political engagement/representation. Inequality. Ethic tension. Lack of opportunities.

Rebranding

The marketing aspect of regeneration, designed to attract businesses, visitors and residents.

Reimaging

Making a place more desirable or attractive to live, work or invest in.

Factors affecting regeneration policies

``` Politics Location Quality of investment by government Legacy of past schemes Degree of pump priming needed ```

Pump priming

Government allocates funds expecting outside investment to help. (Especially needed for toxic waste)

Aspects of the role of government planning

Planning laws Fracking Housing building

Deregulation of capital markets

Removal of restrictions to encourage investment.

International migration

Freer migration = filled skill gaps and less ageing population.

Cold spots

Most needy areas that lack active voluntary sector involvement. Eg. Cornwall

Regeneration strategies (with example case studies)

``` Retail led (Birmingham, Liverpool one, Eldon square) Sport led (London olympics) Tourism and leisure led (kielder, Salford quays) Culture led (Albert docks) Rural diversification (Shropshire) Infrastructure (HS2) Technology led (Cambridge science park) ```

Rural proofing

Governments increasingly seen as facilitator rather than provider. So rural proofing carried out, checks on design, development and review stages of policies.

Legacy

Longer term effects of regeneration scheme. (Reuse of landmarks, gov support, long term benefit)

Social progress

Relates to how an individual and community improve status in society over time.

Measures of social progress

Reductions in inequalities Reductions in deprivation Increased life expectancy

Quality of environment

Local - access to green spaces, quality of the area. | Global - air/water pollution.

Perception of success factors

``` Age, gender, ethnicity Media coverage Attachment Personal experiences (Older may have distinct beliefs about legacy of past schemes) ```

Urban stakeholders

``` National government/planners Local councils Local businesses Developers Local communities ```

Benefit cost ratio

Balance between investment and outcomes.

Factors of success

``` Growing population More/better jobs More educated population Falling levels of deprivation Property values Healthier population Low crime rates ```