The Humanistic Approach Flashcards
Outline the humanistic approach (AO1)
> Everyone has free will and can consciously control their own personal destiny, even with constraints from outside forces - but we have personal-agency so we are responsible for these choices.
> We cannot come up with nomothetic laws of behaviour because it believes in free will so we cannot predict and control behaviour.
> Humans are motivated by a need for personal growth and to develop in a positive way.
> Focuses on the here and now (instead of rooted from the past in the PD approach)
> This approach has its roots in the philosophical schools of existentialism and phenomenology.
> Takes a holistic approach, focusing on the individual as a whole and their unique experiences, though studies are subjective.
Name the stages of Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs
Physiological
Safety
Love & belonging
Self-esteem
Self-actualisation
Describe the physiological stage in Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs
When the most basic human needs need to be met
E.G.
air, food, water, clothing, shelter, sleep, etc.
Describe the safety stage in Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs
Safety needs which include…
resources, employment, family, and health.
Describe the love & belonging stage in Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs
The need for love & belonging…
from friends, family, and a sexual partner.
Describe the self-esteem stage in Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs
The need for esteem including…
self-esteem and respect from others.
Describe the self-actualisation stage in Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs
Once these ‘deficiency needs’ have been met, people move to self-actualisation, which includes…
spirituality, creativity and acceptance of the world as it is.
Outline cognitive psychology (AO1)
> Rogers created counselling psychology which aims to promote personal agency and personal growth.
> There is an incongruent gap between the self-concept and ideal self, when they are incompatible.
> To reach human potential, the self-concept and ideal self must be congruent.
> Counselling psych helps clients achieve congruence by reducing their conditions of worth for the ideal-self and improve self-esteem, to close the incongruence gap.
> Therapist provides unconditional positive regard to the client by expressing acceptance, empathy and understanding of their condition.
> It uses an eclectic approach, which uses a wide range of techniques depending on the need of the client.
> It’s against all diagnostic labels and the medical model that they imply.
> The Q-Sort is used to assess whether a client is congruent or not.
What is meant by conditions of worth?
Expectation where someone feels that their approval is dependent on meeting them for other people (e.g. parents) to see them favourably.
What is meant by self-concept?
The ideas of how an individual views or thinks themselves to be.
What is meant by the ideal self?
The ideas of how an individual would like to be.
What is meant by being in a state of congruence?
When there’s an agreement between the self-concept and ideal self
What is the purpose of counselling psychology?
To close a client’s gap of incongruence between self-concept and ideal self
Who developed counselling psychology?
Roger
Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow (1943)
