The Cognitive Approach Flashcards
Outline the assumptions of the cognitive approach (AO1)
> CA uses INFERENCES to make assumptions about non-observable behaviours (e.g. internal mental processes) through empirical data, whereas BA studies observable behaviour.
> Theoretical models are visual representations of internal mental processes that are used to help researchers simplify and study complex processes (E.G. multi-store model of memory)
> The mind is compared to a computer - internal mental processes are explained using the computer model - contains an input (stimulus), info processing (central processing unit), and output (behaviour).
> Behaviour is the result of information processing.
> Minds and computers have memory stores and a limited capacity for how much info they can process at one time.
> Behaviour is also determined by schema =
A mental framework of what we already know and believe about world around us.
Based on previous info/experiences.
Helps organise/understand new information we receive.
What is meant by an inference?
Going beyond the immediate evidence to make assumptions about behaviour that cannot be directly observed.
What is meant by a schema?
- A mental framework of what we already know and believe about world around us.
- Based on previous info/experiences.
- Helps organise/understand new information we receive.
What is meant by assimilation?
When receiving new info or experience smth new, learning causes us to add new info to an existing schema.
What is meant by accommodation?
When receiving new info or experience smth new, learning causes us to change an existing schema or develop a new schema.
What is a theoretical model?
The visual and linear diagrammatic representation of complex processes.
What is an example of a theoretical model?
Multi-store model of memory
Why use theoretical and computational models? (AO3)
Tests the adequacy of a theory.
Forces theoretical precision - IF output is not expected to be, then you refine the input until you get the intended output.
Nature of the representations and processing.
Allows one to examine complex interactions.
Makes testable predictions.
What does the Central Processing Unit do?
Central processing unit turns input into output.
Outline cognitive neuroscience (AO1)
> Cognitive neuroscience bridges the gap between the cognitive & biological approach.
> The aim is to study biological structures that influence mental processes such as the brain.
> For the last 20 years, fMRI and PET scans have been developed to look at the living brain while it’s actively processing info.
> E.G. these techniques have been used to find that episodic & semantic memory may be located at different sides of the pre-frontal cortex.
What are examples of brain scanning techniques?
fMRI
PET scan
What is meant by triangulation?
Using more than one approach to explain behaviour.
