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BMS Neuroscience > The Human Nervous System > Flashcards

The Human Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the human nervous system split into?

A

The central nervous system

The peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

What are the main regions of the central nervous system?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Spinal cord

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5
Q

What splits the cerebrum?

A

Deep sagital fissure

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6
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Movement centre

Has connections to both brain cerebrum and spinal cord

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7
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Relays information from the cerebrum to the spinal cord and cerebellum and vice versa
Regulates functions such as breathing, consciousness and temperature
Most vital for life, damage here causes rapid death

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8
Q

What does the spinal cord do?

A

Information from the skin, joints and muscles to the brain and vice versa
Spinal cord communicates via spinal nerves

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9
Q

What does the dorsal root of a spinal nerve do?

A

Brings information into the spinal cord

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10
Q

What does the ventral root of the spinal nerve do?

A

Carries information away from the spinal cord

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11
Q

What is the Magendie-Bell law?

A

The finding that the anterior spinal nerve roots contain only motor fibers and posterior roots only sensory fibres Also that nerve impulses are conducted in only one direction in each case

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12
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

The system which controls voluntary actions

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13
Q

What is the autonomic/visceral nervous system?

A

The system which controls automatic actions such as breathing

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14
Q

What do visceral sensory axons do?

A

Bring information about visceral functions to the CNS

Eg. pressure and oxygen content of blood

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15
Q

What do visceral motor fibres do?

A

Command the contraction and relaxation of muscles in the walls of the intestines and blood vessels
Control the rate of cardiac muscle contraction
Control secretory function of various glands

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16
Q

Where do somatic motor axons derive from?

A

Motor neurons in the ventral spinal cord

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17
Q

Where do somatic sensory axons enter the spinal cord?

A

Via the dorsal roots

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18
Q

What is a dorsal root ganglion?

A

The somata of the dorsal roots which lie outside the spinal cord in clusters
One for each spinal nerve

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19
Q

Structure of a peripheral nerve

A

Each axon is wrapped and bundled with others in fascicles
Myelinated by Schwann cells
Surrounded by endometrium
Bundled into fascicles by perineurium

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20
Q

What myelinates nerves in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cells

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21
Q

What is the peripheral nerve axon surrounded by?

A

Endoneurium

22
Q

What bundles axons into fascicles?

A

Perineurium

23
Q

What encloses the fascicles and with what?

A

Enclosed by epineurium

With blood vessels

24
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

25
Q

Where do cranial nerves I and II originate?

A

The forebrain

26
Q

Where do cranial nerves III - XII originate?

A

The brainstem

27
Q

What is special about cranial nerve XI?

A

It originates from the brainstem and spinal cord

28
Q

What is cranial nerve X?

A

Vagus nerve

80% of PNS outflow

29
Q

What are the types of cranial nerve?

A

Sensory
Motor
Mixed

30
Q

What is cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory

31
Q

What is cranial nerve II?

A

Optic

32
Q

What is cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor

33
Q

What is cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear

34
Q

What is cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal

35
Q

What is cranial nerve VI?

A

Abducens

36
Q

What is cranial nerve VII?

A

Facial

37
Q

What is cranial nerve VIII?

A

Vestibulcochlear/auditory

38
Q

What is cranial nerve IX?

A

Glossopharynx

39
Q

What is cranial nerve X?

A

Vagus

40
Q

What is cranial nerve XI?

A

Accessory

41
Q

What is cranial nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal

42
Q

What is the saying to remember the cranial nerves?

A

Oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel a girls vagina, ah heaven

43
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

44
Q

How do the cranial nerves connect to the brain?

A

In an irregular pattern

45
Q

How do the spinal nerves connect to the CNS?

A

At regular intervals

46
Q

Do cranial nerves have dorsal/ventral roots?

A

No

47
Q

Do spinal nerves have dorsal/ventral roots?

A

Yes

48
Q

Muscle catabolism is due to the ______ nervous system, muscle anabolism is due to the ________ nervous system

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

49
Q

What neurotransmitters does the sympathetic nervous system release?

A

Cortisol
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline

50
Q

What neurotransmitters does the parasympathetic nervous system release?

A 
Growth hormone
DHEA
Melatonin 
Testosterone
Estrogen

BMS Neuroscience (23 decks)

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