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BMS Neuroscience > Cell Types in the Nervous System > Flashcards

Cell Types in the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How many neurons are there in the human brain?

A

10^10 - 10^12

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2
Q

How many non-neuronal cells are there in the human brain?

A

> 10^11

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3
Q

What are other names for glia?

A

Glial cell

Neuroglia

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4
Q

What are glia?

A

Non-excitable support cells

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5
Q

What types of neurons are there?

A 
Unipolar 
Bipolar 
Multipolar 
Long axons (Golgi type 1)
Short axons (Golgi type 2)
No axons
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6
Q

What is an example of a unipolar neuron?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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7
Q

What is an example of a bipolar neuron?

A

Retinal bipolar cells

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8
Q

What is an example of a multipolar neuron?

A

Motor neuron
Purkinje cell
Cerebellar granule cell
Pyramidal cells

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9
Q

What is the general structure of a neuron?

A 
Dendrite 
Cell body 
Axon 
Node of Ranvier 
Synaptic terminal 
Growth cone
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10
Q

What is special about a olefactory granule cell?

A

Anaxonic (no axons)

Dendrodendritic synapses

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11
Q

What are the main types of glial cell?

A

Macroglia
Microglia
Ependyma

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12
Q

Examples of macroglia

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells

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13
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A

Star shaped
Multiple, long processes
Forms the glia limitans

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14
Q

What do astrocytes enwrap?

A

Blood vessels
Processes
Synapses

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15
Q

What are the types of astrocytes?

A

Fibrous

Protoplasmic

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16
Q

What is a fibrous astrocyte?

A

White matter

Many intermediate filaments

17
Q

What is a protoplasmic astrocyte?

A

Grey matter
Shorter, stouter processes
Fewer intermediate filaments

18
Q

Examples of specialised astrocytes

A

Retinal Muller cells

Radial glia

19
Q

What is a retinal Muller cell?

A

Span the width of the retina

Columnar cell

20
Q

What is a radial glial cell?

A

Span from pia to Purkinje cell layer

Stem cells adult/developing brain

21
Q

Astrocytes role in spatial buffering

A

Active neurons release K+
Astrocytes are very K+ permeable and are a functional syncytium
Astrocytes span from synapse to blood vessel
Spatial buffering regulates [K+]o

22
Q

Muller cells in the retina?

A

Photoreceptors release K+
Muller cells take up K+
K+ reduced near the photoreceptors

23
Q

Astrocyte role in transmitter uptake

A

Uptake is an important inactivation mechanism
Glutamate into astrocytes, GABA
Glutamate converted into glutamine
Recycling to neurons

24
Q

Astrocyte role in glucose metabolism

A

Glucose = main energy substrate
Neurons prefer 3-carbon
Astrocytes store most glycogen
Astrocytes span blood

25
Q

What are the processes on microglia like?

A

Short and spiky

26
Q

Where are microglia derived from?

A

Circulating monocytes

27
Q

Where are ependyma found?

A

In the epithelial lining of ventricles and spinal canal

28
Q

What are the types of ependyma?

A

Ependymocytes
Tanycytes
Choroid epithelial cells

BMS Neuroscience (23 decks)

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