Developmental Milestones Flashcards
Features of 10 weeks development
Cerebral expansion and commissures
Features of 3 months development
Basic structures established
Features of 5 months development
CNS myelination begins
Features of 7 months development
Lobed cerebrum
Features of 9 months development
Gyri and sulci
When does myelination begin in rats?
10 days postnatal
At its peak, oligos produce how much myelin per day?
3x body weight
When is most myelination over with in humans?
2 year old
When does myelination in the neocortex stop?
Late teens
Compositional changes during myelination
Galactolipids increase
Protein components increase
What is the critical period for eye malformations like cataracts?
6 weeks
What is the critical period for deafness?
9 weeks
What is the critical period for cardiac malformations?
5 - 10 weeks
When is the risk of CNS disorders?
2nd trimester
What is foetal alcohol syndrome?
Alcohol crosses the placenta
Fetus doesn’t clear alcohol well
Fetal alcohol levels are higher
What are the symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?
Facial abnormalities Microcephaly Loss of cells Lost fibres Irritability Motor and intellectual impairments
What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses opiates?
Neonates experience withdrawal
What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses cocaine?
Hypoxia
Abortion
Withdrawal
Lower cognition
What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses ecstasy?
Long term effects on hippocampus
What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses cannabis?
Long term cognitive effects
Speed of conduction in neonates peripheral nerve?
20 - 25 m/s
Speed of conduction in 1 - 6 months peripheral nerve?
32 - 50 m/s
Speed of conduction in 6 - 12 months peripheral nerve?
33 - 60 m/s
Speed of conduction in 12 - 24 months peripheral nerve?
40 - 60 m/s
What does pain require the connection of?
Receptors
Sensory neurons
Thalamus
Cortex
When is dermal skin innervated?
From 28 weeks
When is subdermal skin innervated?
6 - 8 weeks
When does the organised thalamus form?
8+ weeks
When do retinal inputs arrive?
14 - 16 weeks
Myelination occurs from..
25 weeks
Connections from the thalamus to cortex from…
24 weeks
Taste and smell at birth
Well developed
Able to differentiate mother breast from non-mother
Bottle-fed infants prefer any lactating female
Hearing at birth
Responsive
Excellent discriminators of language sounds
Locate sounds from 3 days
Eyes are open and sensitive from…
7 months
What is the least well developed sense at birth?
Vision
Colour vision develops at…
2 months
What is the moro reflex?
Startle reflex
When does the stepping reflex go?
6 weeks
When does the palmar grasp go?
3 - 4 months
When does the moro reflex go?
3+ months
When does the swimming reflex go?
4 - 6 months
What is the babinski reflex?
Neonates fan toes when sole stroked
Adults curl toes
What does descending motor tract damage cause?
Adults fanning toes when sole is stroked rather than curling toes
When does the rooting reflex go?
4 - 7 months
When does reaching begin?
Around 5 months
What is stage 1 of language development?
1st word
9 - 18 months
What is stage 2 of language development?
2 words
18 - 24 months
What is stage 3 of language development?
Simple conversation - why stage
2 - 3.5 years
What is stage 4 of language development?
Complexity of conversations increases
3.5 - 8 years
What is stage 5 of language development?
Adult conversations
8 years +
