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BMS Neuroscience > Developmental Milestones > Flashcards

Developmental Milestones Flashcards

1
Q

Features of 10 weeks development

A

Cerebral expansion and commissures

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2
Q

Features of 3 months development

A

Basic structures established

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3
Q

Features of 5 months development

A

CNS myelination begins

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4
Q

Features of 7 months development

A

Lobed cerebrum

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5
Q

Features of 9 months development

A

Gyri and sulci

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6
Q

When does myelination begin in rats?

A

10 days postnatal

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7
Q

At its peak, oligos produce how much myelin per day?

A

3x body weight

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8
Q

When is most myelination over with in humans?

A

2 year old

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9
Q

When does myelination in the neocortex stop?

A

Late teens

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10
Q

Compositional changes during myelination

A

Galactolipids increase

Protein components increase

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11
Q

What is the critical period for eye malformations like cataracts?

A

6 weeks

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12
Q

What is the critical period for deafness?

A

9 weeks

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13
Q

What is the critical period for cardiac malformations?

A

5 - 10 weeks

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14
Q

When is the risk of CNS disorders?

A

2nd trimester

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15
Q

What is foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Alcohol crosses the placenta
Fetus doesn’t clear alcohol well
Fetal alcohol levels are higher

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?

A 
Facial abnormalities 
Microcephaly 
Loss of cells 
Lost fibres 
Irritability 
Motor and intellectual impairments
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17
Q

What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses opiates?

A

Neonates experience withdrawal

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18
Q

What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses cocaine?

A

Hypoxia
Abortion
Withdrawal
Lower cognition

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19
Q

What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses ecstasy?

A

Long term effects on hippocampus

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20
Q

What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses cannabis?

A

Long term cognitive effects

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21
Q

Speed of conduction in neonates peripheral nerve?

A

20 - 25 m/s

22
Q

Speed of conduction in 1 - 6 months peripheral nerve?

A

32 - 50 m/s

23
Q

Speed of conduction in 6 - 12 months peripheral nerve?

A

33 - 60 m/s

24
Q

Speed of conduction in 12 - 24 months peripheral nerve?

A

40 - 60 m/s

25
Q

What does pain require the connection of?

A

Receptors
Sensory neurons
Thalamus
Cortex

26
Q

When is dermal skin innervated?

A

From 28 weeks

27
Q

When is subdermal skin innervated?

A

6 - 8 weeks

28
Q

When does the organised thalamus form?

A

8+ weeks

29
Q

When do retinal inputs arrive?

A

14 - 16 weeks

30
Q

Myelination occurs from..

A

25 weeks

31
Q

Connections from the thalamus to cortex from…

A

24 weeks

32
Q

Taste and smell at birth

A

Well developed
Able to differentiate mother breast from non-mother
Bottle-fed infants prefer any lactating female

33
Q

Hearing at birth

A

Responsive
Excellent discriminators of language sounds
Locate sounds from 3 days

34
Q

Eyes are open and sensitive from…

A

7 months

35
Q

What is the least well developed sense at birth?

A

Vision

36
Q

Colour vision develops at…

A

2 months

37
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

Startle reflex

38
Q

When does the stepping reflex go?

A

6 weeks

39
Q

When does the palmar grasp go?

A

3 - 4 months

40
Q

When does the moro reflex go?

A

3+ months

41
Q

When does the swimming reflex go?

A

4 - 6 months

42
Q

What is the babinski reflex?

A

Neonates fan toes when sole stroked

Adults curl toes

43
Q

What does descending motor tract damage cause?

A

Adults fanning toes when sole is stroked rather than curling toes

44
Q

When does the rooting reflex go?

A

4 - 7 months

45
Q

When does reaching begin?

A

Around 5 months

46
Q

What is stage 1 of language development?

A

1st word

9 - 18 months

47
Q

What is stage 2 of language development?

A

2 words

18 - 24 months

48
Q

What is stage 3 of language development?

A

Simple conversation - why stage

2 - 3.5 years

49
Q

What is stage 4 of language development?

A

Complexity of conversations increases

3.5 - 8 years

50
Q

What is stage 5 of language development?

A

Adult conversations

8 years +

BMS Neuroscience (23 decks)

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