Animal Models

Question 1

Squid giant axon

Answer 1

Allowed determination of ion flows in action potentials
J Z Young
Based on work by Hodgkin and Huxley

Question 2

Worms

Answer 2

Electrophysiology and death and development

Question 3

Caenorhabditis elegans (transparent roundworms)

Answer 3

Completely sequenced genome

Model for apoptosis

Question 4

Fruit flies

Answer 4

75% genes causing disease in humans are also found in the fruit fly
Identify genes regulating nervous system development

Question 5

Frogs

Answer 5

Galvani animal electricity (twitching frogs legs)
Helmholtz nerve conduction velocity 
Katz and Miledi Ca2+ release 
Harrison how axons grow 
Sperry how nerves pathfind

Question 6

Birds

Answer 6

Chicken allows easy embryonic manipulation and study, transplantation and nerve growth factor
Lorenz - imprinting
Steven Rose - passive avoidance learning

Question 7

Dogs

Answer 7

Hitzig and Fritsch mapped motor cortex
Loewi chemical neurotransmission
Sherrington reflexes, motor control, localisation
Dale ACh release from motor nerves
Langley named autonomic nervous system, formulated receptor theory
Pavlov conditioning

Question 8

Rats

Answer 8

Lashley searched for engram using rats in mazes, ablation (treatment for abnormally fast heart rate) studies
Skinner’s rats - operant conditioning

Question 9

Monkeys

Answer 9

Kuffler, Hubel and Weisel - receptive fields, visual processing