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EMT > The Human Body > Flashcards

The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Patient stands facing you, arms at side, palms forward.

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2
Q

What does bilateral mean?

A

Appears on both sides of the midline

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3
Q

Name five things the skeleton does?

A
  1. Gives human form
  2. Protects organs
  3. Produces red blood cells
  4. Stores calcium
  5. Allows movement
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4
Q

Name four things the skeletal system contains?

A

Bones
Ligaments
Tendons
Cartilage

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5
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

Foundation in which arms and legs are hung

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6
Q

What three things are included in the axial skeleton?

A

Skull
Spinal column
Thorax (chest)

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7
Q

What is the foremen magnum?

A

Opening at the base of skull to allow brain to connect to spinal chord

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8
Q

What are the five sections of the spinal column. And how many vertebrae are in each?

A 
Cervical-7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5
Coccyx-4
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9
Q

What four things does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

Heart
Lungs
Esophagus
Great vessels

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10
Q

What five things are in the appendicular skeleton?

A 
Arms
Legs
Their connection points
Pelvis
Upper and lower extemities
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11
Q

Where is the upper extremity location?

A

From the shoulder girdle to fingertips

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12
Q

What is the supporting bone of the arm?

A

Humerus

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13
Q

What does the forearm consists of?

A

Radius (lateral side) and Ulna (medial side)

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14
Q

How is the pelvic bone formed?

A

Fusion of the ilium

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15
Q

What is the longest bone in body?

A

Femur

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16
Q

What is the shin bone called?

A

Tibia

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17
Q

What three things does the muscular skeletal system provide?

A

Form
Upright posture
Movement

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18
Q

What is bi product of contraction and relaxation?

A

Heat

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19
Q

What does epiglottis do?

A

Prevents food from entering airway (trachea)

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20
Q

What organ is the dividing line between upper and lower airway?

A

Larynx

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21
Q

What forms the lowest portion of the larynx?

A

Cricoid cartilage/cricoid ring

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22
Q

Where is the carina?

A

The bottom of the trachea that divides the left and right bronchioles

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23
Q

What is the smooth glistening tissue that covers lungs?

A

Pleura

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24
Q

What controls breathing?

A 
Brain stem (medulla oblingata)
Hypoxia drive is back up
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25
Q

What initiates respiration?

A

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

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26
Q

The amount of air moved into or out of lungs in a single breath is called what?

A

Tidal volume

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27
Q

What is the average tidal volume for an average adult?

A

500ML

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28
Q

What is the normal rate for respiration?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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29
Q

What are the five complex arrangement of tubes (from biggest to smallest) in the circulatory system?

A 
Arteries 
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venues
Veins
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30
Q

What does systematic circulation involve? How about pulmonary circulation?

A

The body. The lungs.

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31
Q

What is myocardium?

A

Cardiac muscle in the heart

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32
Q

What are the two chambers that divide the heart?

A

Atriums and ventricles

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33
Q

Describe the blood flow into and out of the heart?

A
  • Vena cava
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left pulmonary artery
  • Lungs
  • Right pulmonary vein
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Aorta
  • Arteries
34
Q

What is the normal resting heart rate?

A

60-100 beats per minute

35
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Amount of blood moved in one beat

36
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Amount of blood moved in one minute

37
Q

How long does it take for blood volume to circulate through body?

A

1 minute

38
Q

What does spleen do?

A

Filters blood

39
Q

What is systole?

A

When left ventricle contracts. It pumps blood into the aorta

40
Q

What is diastole?

A

When ventricle relaxes and fills with blood

41
Q

How do you read blood pressures?

A

Systolic over diastolic

42
Q

What is perfusion?

A

Circulation to meet adequate needs of cells

43
Q

What are 6 functions of blood?

A 
Fighting infection
Transporting oxygen
Transporting carbon dioxide
Controlling ph
Transporting waste and nutrients
Clotting
44
Q

What is responsible for fight or flight response?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

45
Q

What does parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Tries to get body back to homeostasis

46
Q

What two body parts does the nervous system consist of?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

47
Q

What is the largest part of brain?

A

Cerebrum

48
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system involve?

A

Everything besides brain and spinal cord

49
Q

What are the three layers of skin c alled?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

50
Q

What are three functions of skin?

A

Protecting the body
Regulate body temperature
Transmit information from environment to brain

51
Q

What is located in the right upper quadrant?

A

Liver

52
Q

What is in the left upper quadrant?

A

Spleen

53
Q

What is in the right lower quadrant?

A

Appendix

54
Q

What is the umbilicus?

A

Belly button

55
Q

What three things do enzymes convert food into?

A

Basic sugars
Fatty acids
Amino acids

56
Q

What is pathophysiology?

A

The study of functional changes that occur when body reacts to disease

57
Q

What is the cartilaginous tip of the sternum called?

A

Xiphoid process

58
Q

What imaginary line divides the body from front to back?

A

Coronal plane

59
Q

What imaginary line divides the body from top to bottom?

A

Transverse (axial) plane

60
Q

What imaginary line divides the body from left to right?

A

Sagittal (lateral) plane

61
Q

What does anterior (ventral) mean?

A

In the front

62
Q

What does posterior (dorsal) mean?

A

In the back

63
Q

What does superior mean?

A

Closer to the head

64
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

Closer to the feet

65
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

“Closer to”

66
Q

What does distal mean?

A

“Away from”

67
Q

What is flexion?

A

Bending of a joint

68
Q

What is extension?

A

Straightening of a joint

69
Q

What is adduction?

A

Motion toward the midline

70
Q

What is abduction?

A

Motion away from the midline

71
Q

What is prone position?

A

Patient laying on stomach

72
Q

What is supine position?

A

Patient laying on back

73
Q

What is shock position?

A

Patient laying on back with feet elevated

74
Q

What is fowler position?

A

Patient is sitting and leaning against wall

75
Q

What is recovery position?

A

Patient is laying on the left side

76
Q

Which muscles are involuntary?

A

Smooth muscles and Cardiac muscles

77
Q

Which muscles are voluntary?

A

Skeletal muscles

78
Q

Which muscles are found in the heart?

A

Cardiac muscles

79
Q

The somatic nervous system is responsible for what kind of movements?

A

Voluntary movements

80
Q

The automatic nervous system is responsible for what kind of movements?

A

Involuntary movements

EMT (30 decks)

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