Airway Management Flashcards
How many minutes will brain tissue die when is out if oxygen?
4-6 minutes
What is ventilation?
The physical act of moving air in and out of the lungs
What is oxygenation?
The process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream
What is respiration?
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as tissues of the body
What is the pharynx?
Muscular tube that extends from nose and mouth to level of esophagus and trachea
How is the nasopharynx formed?
The union of facial bones
What is the oropharynx?
Entrance for the respiratory system and digestive system
What is the larynx?
Formed by many cartilaginous structures that marks where the upper airway ends and lower airway begins
What is the space between the lungs called?
The mediastinum
How is ventilation regulated?
By the ph of the cerebrospinal fluid
What does external respiration do?
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries
What does internal respiration do?
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between systemic circulatory system and cells
What four things do chemoreceptors measure?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen ions
PH of cerebrospinal fluid
What two things affect pulmonary ventilation?
Trauma
Foreign body airway obstruction
What are three intrinsic factors affecting pulmonary ventilation?
Infections
Allergic reactions
Unresponsiveness (tongue obstruction)
What are external factors affecting respiration?
Decreased atmospheric pressure at high altiitudes
What are two internal factors affecting respiration?
Pneumonia
COPD
What are agonal respirations?
Irregular breathing patterns characterized by labored breathing and gasping
When are Cheyne-Stokes repspirations seen?
During strokes and head injuries
What are ataxic respirations?
Irregular or unidentifiable patterns
What are Kussmaul respirations
Deep, gasping respirations
Associated with metabolic/toxic disorders
What is hypoxia?
When body’s tissues and cells don’t have enough oxygen
What does the oropharyngeal airway do?
Keeps tongue from blocking the airway in unconscious patients with no gag reflex and maintains an open airway
When do you use the the adjunct for nasopharyngeal or nasal airway?
When the patient has a gag reflex?
What is the next priority after opening the airway?
Suctioning
What catheter is the best to use when suctioning the pharynx?
Ridgid tonsil-tip catheters
What are soft plastic catheters used for?
suctioning the nose and liquid secretions in the back of the mouth
What does strider mean?
High pitched partial airway obstruction
What does patent mean?
Open airway
What does contraindication mean?
Reasons not do do something
How much oxygen does a patient get through mouth to mask ventilation?
55%
How much oxygen can you deliver with a bag mask device with an oxygen reservoir and supplemental oxygen?
nearly 100%
What is CPAP?
A noninvasive method of providing ventilatory support for patients in respiratory distress or suffering from sleep apnea
What causes gastric distention?
Ventilating too forcefully when providing artificial ventilation
What are two basic techniques for opening the airway?
Head-tilt chin lift maneuver
Jaw thrust maneuver (if trauma is suspected)
How should you assess the patients tidal volume by?
Observing for adequate chest rise
The primary stimulus to breath is?
Increased level of carbon dioxide in blood
If respirations are slow and irregular you should?
Assist breathing with a bag mask device
When ventilating an adult with a bag mask device you should squeeze the bag until?
Visible chest rise is noted
When ventilating and the stomach becomes distended you should?
Reposition the head
