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Kinesiology > The Hip > Flashcards

The Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the hip?

A
  • to weight bear
  • it combines good stability and mobility
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2
Q

What are the bones of the hip?

A
  • femur
  • sacrum
  • innominate bones: illiul, ischium, pubis
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3
Q

What are the bones on the femur?

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Adductor tubercle
  • greater and lesser trochanters
  • Fovea capitis
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4
Q

What are the bones of the pelvis?

A
  • illiac crest
  • ASIS
  • AIIS
  • PSIS
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Acetabulum
  • Obturator foramen
  • Sciatic notch
  • Ischiopubic ramus
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5
Q

Describe the acetabulum? and what are its movements?

A

It is a ball and socket joint (diarthrodial; triaxial); it is a capsular joint (circumducts)

found between the sphericle head of the femur and the acetablum

Movements (3 DFs)
* flexion/extension
* abduction/adduction
* internal/external rotation

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6
Q

What are the normal hip range of motions?

A
  • Flexion: 90 or 120
  • Extension: 5 or 35
  • Internal rotation: 30-40
  • External rotation: 40-50
  • Abduction: 45
  • Adduction: 25

when the knee is flexed, the rec fem limits the hip from extending more

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7
Q

Describe the pubic symphysis and the sacral illiac joint

A

Pubic symphysis:
* joint between the 2 pubic bones
* cartlaginous joint
* very little movement

Sacral Illiac: SI joint
* sacrum and illiac
* ligamentous joint

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8
Q

What are the 6 movements of the pelvis?

A
  1. anterior rotation/tilt (ASIS goes down)
  2. posterior rotation/tilt (ASIS goes up)
  3. lateral tilt
  4. inflare/outflare
  5. upslip (whole unit goes up), SI disfunctional
  6. downslip (whole unit goes down) SI disfunctional
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9
Q

Describe how hip motions can be in opposition or unison?

A

Both limbs are in opposition
- hips flexed: posterior pelvic tilt
- hip extends: anterior pelvic tilt

Both limbs in unison:
- anterior tilt when both are extended
- posterior tilt when both are flexed

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the acetabulum labrum?

A

deepens the acetabulum

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11
Q

What are the acetabulofemoral ligaments? and what do they limit?

A
  1. Pubofemoral: limits abduction
  2. Illiofemoral: 2 bands together that bifuracte and together limit hypertext [medial: limits external rotation & lateral: limits adduction]
  3. Ischiofemoral: limits internal rotation
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12
Q

What does the ligamentum teres do and limit?

A
  • limits adduction, flexion, and external rotation
  • vascular supply extends into the femur through the fovea capitis
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13
Q

What are the ligaments of the SI Joint?

A
  • Sacrotuberous
  • Sacropinious
  • Sacroiliac (anterior and posterior)
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14
Q

What is the OIA of the inguinal ligament (poupart’s ligament)?

A
  • O: ASIS
  • I: Pubic tubercle
  • A: serves as an attachment site for muscles (External/internal obliques and transverse abdominus) (also is a boarder for the inguinal triangle)
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15
Q

What is the femoral/inguinal triangle made up of and its purpose?

A
  • Sartorius
  • Adductor longus
  • Inguinal ligament

this is where the femoral artery and vein runs through

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16
Q

What are the hip flexor muscles?

A

There are really 2 main ones: illiacus and psoas major, but the minor still counts (it is just an accessory tho)
Illiacus:
* O: wing of the illium
* I: lesser trochanter
Psoas Major:
* O: lumbar vertebrae
* I: lesser trochanter

17
Q

What are the 3 glute muscles and their OIA?

A

Gluteus Maximus:
* O: posterior illium and sacrum
* I: gluteal tuberosity
* A: extends hip and external rotation

Gluteus Medius:
* O: lateral illiac crest
* I: greater trochanter
* A: abduction of the hip

Gluteus Minimus:
* O: lateral illium
* I: greater trochanter
* A: abduction of hip

18
Q

What are the 5 adductors?

A

Add longus:
* O: pubic tubercle
* I: mid femur at linea aspera
Add brevis
* O: pubic ramus
* I: proximally into the femur at linea aspera
Add magnus
* O: ischial ramus
* I: all along the linea aspera AND adductor tubercle
Gacilis
* O: pubic ramus and pubic tubercle
* I: pes anserine
* A: in addition to adduction also knee flexion
Pectineus (dont knee to know OIA

19
Q

What are the deep 6 and their insertion?

A

They are all external rotators (deep to glute max)
* Obturator internus: I = greater trochanter
* Obturator externus: I = greater trochanter
* Gemellus superior: I = greater trochanter
* Gemellus inferior: I = greater trochanter
* Piriformis: I = greater trochanter, O: sacrum
* Quaddratus femoris: I = greater trochanter

20
Q

What are the other 4 muscles that have a function association with the hip?

A
  1. Rectus femoris (hip flexion)
  2. Hamstrings: extension of hip
  3. Sartorius: Faber muscle: flex the knee, abduct hip, externally rotate hip, flex hip
  4. TFL: abduct hip
21
Q

Know that there can be variations in acetebulum stuctures between people

A

-=

22
Q

How do you asses acatabulum depth with no x-ray?

A
  • have the person in passive hip flexion
  • observe when the pelis rotates and you push hip farther into flexion
  • the sooner the pelvis rotates and lifts up, the deeper the acetablum
  • nature vs nurture
23
Q

What is coxa valga vs coxa vara?

A

Coxa Valga
* more obstuse angle (>135)
Coxa Vara
* more acute angle (<120)

A normal angle is about 130

24
Q

Describe Coxa valga?

A

Seen with longer leg, supination of the foot to compenstate, and posterior pelvic tilt to try to shorten the leg
* valgus at top and varum below

25
Q

Describe coxa vara?

A

Seen with shorter leg, pronation of foot to try to reach the floor quicker, and anterior pelvic tilt to try to meet the floor better
* varus up top means valgus at the knee)

26
Q

What is Nelaton’s Line?

A

It is a clinially used measurment
* line from ASIS to ischial tuberosity
* If the greater trochanter is palpated well above tthe line than = coxa vara

27
Q

What is the angle of torision?

A

It measures the femoral neck to the epiconddyles of the femur
* Anteversion: towards the front; causes a person to walk pigeon toed
* Retroversion: towards the back; wadelling walk wi/foot splay

28
Q

What is the importnat rearch on how q- angle affects the lower body?

A
  • an everted hip = wider q-angle
  • q-angle has no correlation w/ foot positioning (pes planus/cavus)
  • It doesnt matter how wide or narrow the q-angle is in relationship to navicular height or ant/post tilt
29
Q

What are the 2 forms of measuring leg length discrepencies?

A

True:
* measure from ASIS to medial malleolus (coca valga or vera may exist)
Apparent:
* measure from umbillicus to medial malleoulus
* indicates muscle imbalances (SI joint pain)
* it appears teh leg is longer but is just the way the msucle pulls

30
Q

Important info about leg length inequality from the literature?

A
  • Anatomic LLI is common in about 90%
  • the mean value is 5.2 mm
  • But no clinical signifcance unles s15-20mm
  • usuallyy one side of pelvis is more or less rotated that the other

Kinesiology (16 decks)

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