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Kinesiology > Intro to the System [1] > Flashcards

Intro to the System [1] Flashcards

1
Q

What is the system?

A

the body or a piece of the body
- any structire or organization of related structures whose state of motion is of analytical interest

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2
Q

What is anthropometry?

A

how the body looks: describes the shape of the system
- varying body shapes and limb proportiond affect motion

think Phelps w/ long torso & Usain w/ long legs

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3
Q

What are the basic anthropometric measures

A
  • height & weight
  • BMI
  • Somatotype (body-type)
  • Waist-to-hip
  • Crural index: ratio of tibia length to femur length
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4
Q

What are the 3 somatotypes?

A
  • Ectomorph: skinny, fast metabolism
  • Mesomorph: even distribution of body weight
  • Endomorph: slower metabolism, easy gainer, carries fat easier
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5
Q

What is anatomical position?

A

a person in an upright position w/ palms facing forward

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6
Q

What are the 10 directional terms?

A
  • superior
  • inferior
  • medial
  • lateral
  • proximal (close to attatchment of limb)
  • distal
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • superficial
  • deep
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7
Q

What are the 3 cardinal planes?

A
  1. frontal: anterior/posterior
  2. sagittal: right/left
  3. transverse: superior/inferior
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8
Q

Since Axes run through a plane; what are the 3 axes?

A
  1. Mediolateral (frontal) axis: passes horizontally from side to side
  2. Anterioposterior (saggital): runs horizontally from front to back
  3. Superioinferior (vertical) axis: passes up and down [perpendicular to transverse plane]
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9
Q

What motions occur in the sagittal plane? (and around the frontal axis)

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • hyperextension
  • hyperflexion
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10
Q

What motions occur around the frontal plane? (and around the sagittal axis)

A
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • lateral flexion/bending
  • ulnar & radial deviation
  • inversion & eversion
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11
Q

What motions occur around the transverse plane? (and around the vertical axis)

A
  • rotation
  • prontation
  • supination
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12
Q

What motions can occur in multiple planes?

A
  • circumduction: flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
  • Pronation of the ankle
  • Supination of the ankle
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13
Q

What are degrees of freedom and BONUS how many DF’s in a shoulder

A

DF’s= the # of independent ways a system can move
- movement in 2 direction and rotation around 1 axis = 3DF’s
- A shoulder has 3DF’s bc it can
1. flex/extend
2. abduct/adduct
3. rotate medial/laterally

Knee has 1, Elbow has 2, hip has 3

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14
Q

What is your center of mass?

A

The point that represents the average location of a system’s mass
- all cardinal planes pass through this point and gravitational pull is concentrated here

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15
Q

What is your center of gravity and line of gravity?

A

COG= imaginary point representing the weight center of an object, point where all the parts are exactly balanced

LOG= imaginary vertical line that passes through the COG to the ground

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16
Q

What are the 3 ways we classify skills?

A
  1. Discrete: movement with a definite begining and end-point
  2. Continuous: cycles of motion performed repeatedly w/ no well-defined begining or end
  3. Serial: movemnets that appear to be continuous but are really a combination of discrete motions
17
Q

Describe what **repeated discrete ** is?

A

It has 2 distinct phases in ROWING
- at the end of the stroke the body is not in the position to begin the next stroke
- a recovery phase is necessary

18
Q

Gross VS Fine Motor Skills?

A
  • Gross: involves large muscles/groups
  • Fine: controlled by small muscles/groups or single muscles
19
Q

What are closed VS open skills?

A

Closed skills: skill performed under a standard envriomnetal condition
- basketball free-throw

Open skills: skill that must be altered bc of the changing dynamics of the activity, enviroment, or object of interest
- passing duing soccer game

20
Q

Describe motion?

A

The change in position w/ respect to spatial and temporal frames of reference
- motion cannot occur without force
- our muscles provide force that changes the position of the joint

21
Q

What are the 3 types of “movements”?

A
  1. Translational (linear motion): motion along one axis in which all points of the system move at the same time, in the same direction
  2. Rotation: occurs when the system is restricted to move around a fixes axis and therefore in a circular path
  3. General motion: combination of linear and angular (the most “human” motion)
22
Q

What are the 2 types of translation (linear motions)?

A
  • Rectilinear translation: path of the system is a straight line (ex: driving a car)
  • Curvilinear translation: path f the system is a curved line (ex: how a kicked ball arcs in the air)
23
Q

Examples of Arthrokinematics?

A

things your joins can do:
- roll: each point on a surface contacts a unique location on another
- spin: all points on one articulating surface come in contact with one point on another
- glide: (translation) a point on one surface skids over many points on the other surface

24
Q

Examples of osteokinematics?

A

things your bones can do: flexion, extension, abd, aduct.

25
Q

Explain when a Convex surface is fixed?

A

when convex surface is fixed, the concave surface rolls and glides in the same direction

26
Q

Explain what happens when a concave surface is fixed?

A

When concave is fixed, the convex surface rolls and glides in the opposite direction

27
Q

What is a kinetic chain?

A

system of linked rigid bodies subject for force application; motion at one link of the chain affects force transfer and motion at other links [ex: we can stretch our hamstring laying down farther with a bent knee]
- simple kinetic chain: each segment participates in no more than 2 linkages (knee)
- complex kinetic chain: a segment is linked to more than 2 other segments (sacrum)

28
Q

Open vs Closed Kinetic Chain?

A
  • Open: the most distal segment is free to move
  • Closed: the most distal segmnet is stationary; creates less mobilitu and cannot focus on specifc muscles, but you get more power
29
Q

What is a functional kinetic chain?

A

A complex chain; some links are OKC while others are CKC
- think sport movements like pitching

30
Q

What is compensatory motion?

A
  • adaptations at normal KC links resulting from abnormal motion at another link
  • but ensures task is performed
31
Q

What are the disadvantages of compensatory motion?

A
  • requires more energy to perform task
  • changes in force patterns = pain or chronic conditions

Kinesiology (16 decks)

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