the heart (novak) Flashcards
what does it mean when we say the heart functions as a “dual pump”
pumps for the pulmonary and systemic circuits
right atrium receives blood from the
systemic circuit and rv pumps it to the pulmonary circuit
left atrium receives blood form the
pulmonary circuit and av pumps it to the systemic circuit
where is the apex of the heart located?
anterior/inferior and points to the left hip; level of the 5th intercostal space
what is the mediastinum?
space in the thoracic cavity that contains heart; divided into superior and inferior mediastinum. inferior mediastinum is broken into ant, mid, and post.
where is the heart found in the mediastinum
middle inferior mediastinum, along with the pericardium
3 layers of the pericardium
(from superficial to deep) fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium parietal and visceral layers
functions of pericardium
prevents undesired movements, prevents overfilling of heart, reduces friction
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
layers of heart wall
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
parts of epicardium
simple squamous epithelium and areolar ct and fat; also known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium
myocardium
cardiac muscle, bulk of the heart wall, MIs occur here
parts of endocardium
areolar ct and endothelium; lines chambers and covers valves
3 ways for ra to recieves deoxy blood
sup vena cava, inf vena cava, coronary sinus
conducting nodes in ra
sa node (pacemakes), av node
valve between ra and rv
right av or tricuspid
why is the left side of the heart bigger?
it needs to pump blood throughout the body
function of papillary muscles
anchor chordae tendinae
function of chordae tendinae
prevents valves from everting
valve from rv to pulmonary artery
pulmonary semilunar valve
t/f. sa and av nodes are only in right atrium
true
2 times the arteries and veins will switch colors
receiving o2 rich blood from pulmonary veins and fetal circulation
valve between la and lv
left av, bicuspid, or mitral valve
valve from lv to aorta
aortic semilunar valve
functions of valves
prevent backflow of blood and premit it to go in one direction
whats happening during “lub”
closure of av valvues
whats happening during “dub”
closure of semilunar valves
where can you hear heart sounds from right av node?
inf portion of the body of the sternum
where can you hear heart sounds from the left av node?
left 5th intercostal space
where can you hear heart sounds from the pulm semilunar valve?
2nd left intercostal space
where can you hear heart sounds from the aortic semilunar valve?
2nd right intercostal space
what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
ct between the atria and the ventricles
function of fibrous skeleton
separates atria and ventricles, anchors heart valves, framework for cardiac muscle attachment
what branches off the left coronary artery
circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery
what branches off the right coronary artery?
post interventricular artery and right marginal artery
where is the coronary sinus on the heart
posterior
what are is the first branch off the aorta?
coronary arteries
myocardial infarction
heart attack; blockage of a coronary artery, most commonly the let ant interventricular; lack of o2 to the myocardium can cause the heart muscle to die
