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DMD 5247 > heart failure drugs (broadhead) > Flashcards

heart failure drugs (broadhead) Flashcards

1
Q

action of captopril

A

hypertension (RAAS), blocks production of aniotesnsin 1 causing arteriolar vasodilation, urinaty excretion of Na and H2O, urinary retention of K

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2
Q

prototype ACE inhibitor

A

captopril (Capoten)

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3
Q

indications of captopril

A

hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, LV dysfunction following MI

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4
Q

side effects of captopril

A

severe hypotension with 1st dose, dry, nonproductive cough due to increased bradykinin, rash, metallic taste, hyperkalemia, neutropenia

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5
Q

adverse effects of captopril

A

blood dyscrasias, allergic reation, bronchospasm, angioedema

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6
Q

containdications of captopril

A

pregnancy category D, K sparing diuretics, liver disease

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7
Q

special considerations of captopril

A

monitor BP, monitor for cough, rash, and metallic taste, monitor LFTs, electrolytes and CBC

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8
Q

action of losartan

A

Hypertension (RAAS), blocks angiotensin II receptors causeing arteriolar vasodilation, urinary excretion of NA and H2O and urinary retention of K

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9
Q

indications of losartan

A

hypertension, prevents stroke (losartan only), manages diabetic nephropathy, treats heart failure, prevents migrane

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10
Q

side effects of losartan

A

headache, insomnia, severe hypotension with 1st dose

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11
Q

adverse effects of losartan

A

andioedema, CVA, renal failure, thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

contraindications of losartan

A

pregnancy category D, children

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13
Q

special considerations of losartan

A

monitor BP, report CNS effects, report fainting or dizziness

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14
Q

actions phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

increases contractility which increases force of contraction and cardiac output

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15
Q

prototype ARB

A

losartan (Cozaar)

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16
Q

prototype phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

milrinone (Primacor)

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17
Q

indications for milrinone

A

short term treatment of low cardiac output in heart failure

18
Q

side effects for milrinone

A

hypokalemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, angina chest pain

19
Q

adverse effects for milrinone

A

dysrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia

20
Q

contraindications for milrinone

A

known sensitivity, aortic/pulmonary valve disorder, acute MI

21
Q

special considerations for milrinone

A

monitor fluid deficits and K, monitor vital signs, monitor chest pain, IV only meds, continuous cardiac monitoring

22
Q

prototypes for heart failure cardiac glycosides

A

digoxin (Lanoxin)

23
Q

actions for digoxin

A

positive inotrpoe, neg chronotropr, neg dromotrope; antidote is digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)

24
Q

indications for digoxin

A

maintenence therapy for heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmias

25
Q

side effects for digoxin

A

nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, visual disturbances, any dysrhythmia may occur

26
Q

adverse effects for digoxin

A

digoxin toxicity (green/yellow halos, confusion, ab pain, dysrhythmias)

27
Q

contraindications for digoxin

A

impaired renal functions, ventricular arrythmias

28
Q

special considerations for digoxin

A

monitor Lanoxin level, normal level 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL, hypo kalemia potentiates Lanoxin toxicity, monitor for toxicity, take pulse for a full minute is

29
Q

prototype for heart failure K sparing diuretics

A

spironolactone (aldactone)

30
Q

action of spironolactone

A

blocks actions of aldosterone which increases excretion of Na, decreases excretion of K and small increases in excretion of water

31
Q

indications of spironolactone

A

hypertension, edema caused by heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, nephrotic syndrome, hypokalemia

32
Q

side effects of spironolactone

A

hyperkalemia, menstrual irregularities, abnormal hair growth, deepining of voice may occur in women, gynecomastia

33
Q

adverse effects of spironolactone

A

bleeding, liver disease, agranulocytosis

34
Q

special considerations of spironolactone

A

monitor K levels, endocrine abnormalities, report palpations, avoid K supplements

35
Q

prototype for heart failure thiazide diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiurel)

36
Q

action of hydrochlorothiazide

A

blocks sodium and chloride resorption causing increased excretion of sodium and chloride increase excretion of water/output, increases excretion of potassium

37
Q

indications of hydrochlorothiazide

A

heart failure, hypertension, cirrhosis of the liver and renal failure

38
Q

side effects of hydrochlorothiazide

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycemia, increased uric acid levels, hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

39
Q

adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide

A

hepatitis, uremia, agranulocytosis, neutropenia

40
Q

contraindications for hydrochlorothiazide

A

allergy to sulfa and thiazides, electrolyte imbalances

41
Q

special considerations for hydrochlorothiazide

A

monitor serum electrolytes, monitor uric acid levels, eat high K foods

DMD 5247 (9 decks)

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