The Heart + CHD + Gas Exchange Flashcards
What are the pros and cons of stents?
- quick surgery
- lasts a loving time
- risk of surgery
- could get blood clot near stent
What are the pros and cons of statins?
-no surgery
- also reduces risk of strokes and heart attacks
- have to take statins regularly for years
- Side effects from medicines (headaches and kidney failure)
What is the general term for heart diseases?
Cardiovascular disease
Why is coronary heart disease such an issue?
- limits oxygen to heart muscles
- means heart cant contract as effieciently
- puts strain on heart
- could potentially cause heart attacks
What is the smallest type of blood vessel?
Capillary
What is the empty part of blood vessels called?
Lumen
What is the purpose of capillaries? And how are they adapted?
- exchange nutrients + oxygen with tissues
- removes waste products e.g. CO2
- large surface area
- permeable membrane (easy diffusion)
How do you calculate the rare of blood flow?
Volume of blood / time = rate of blood flow ml/min
What are the three things white blood cells have that help the immune system against disease?
- phagocytosis: engulfs pathogens
- antibodies: binds onto pathogens + helps destroy them
- antitoxins : neutralises toxins produced by pathogens
What four things make up the blood?
- plasma
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
What are platelets and what are their purpose?
- small fragments of cells that clot cuts
- prevents infection and excess blood loss
What is heart failure and how is it treated?
- when the heart cant pump blood efficiently enough
- only treatment is a new heart
- can either have a biological or artificial heart transplant
- biological transplants can be rejected
- artificial transplants cant be rejected as they are not living tissue but are only a temporary fix
How can a valve be faulty, how can it be treated and what are the risks with the treatment?
- valve wont open fully or wont close fully (limits blood flow or allows backflow)
- can be replaced by mechanical valves or by biological valves (usually from pigs or cows)
- risk of blood clots + surgical risks
What is the role of the circulatory system?
To transport oxygen and nutrients around the heart
Which cells maintain a steady heart beat and where is it found?
- pacemaker cells
- heart muscle tissue
