The Heart & Blood Vessels

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

The circulatory system is the transport system of
the body. It is also known as the cardiovascular
system. It is made up of blood, heart, and blood
vessels.

Question 2

The human circulatory system can be
described as a?

Answer 2

double circulatory system

Question 3

What happens in the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 3

The blood passes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. As it passes the lungs, it absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water.

Question 4

What happens at the systemic circuit?

Answer 4

The blood passes from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart. Essential substances such as oxygen and glucose is carried to the cells
of the body and waste products such as carbon dioxide and urea are removed.

Question 5

What is the heart?

Answer 5

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood
around the body

Question 6

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 6

The heart has four (4) chambers. There are two
upper chambers are known as the atria and the two lower chambers are known as the ventricles.

Question 7

The left and right side of the heart is separated by a the thick muscular wall is known as the?

Answer 7

The septum

Question 8

What does the septum do?

Answer 8

The septum prevents oxygenated blood in the left
aside from mixing with deoxygenated blood in the
right side.

Question 9

How much valves are in the heart?

Answer 9

There are four(4) valves in the heart

Question 10

What are the names of the valves?

Answer 10

They are pulmonic valve, aortic valve, tricuspid valve and bicuspid (mitral) valve

Question 11

What is diastole and systole

Answer 11

The systole is the moment the heart muscle contracts and the diastole is the moment the heart muscle relaxes

Question 12

What is the pacemaker

Answer 12

The heart’s natural pacemaker — the sinus node — produces electrical signals that prompt your heart to beat.

Question 13

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Answer 13

There are three different types of blood vessels in the human circulatory system. They are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Question 14

What do the arteries do?

Answer 14

The arteries carry blood away from the
heart to other parts of the body.

Question 15

What are 3 features the arteries have?

Answer 15

Their lumen (inner
space) is relatively
small.

They do not have valves

The arteries have
thick outer walls made
from tough fibers.

Question 16

What do veins do?

Answer 16

The veins carry blood
back to the heart.

Question 17

What are the 3 features veins have?

Answer 17

They have a thinner layer of muscles and elastic fibers because
the blood pressure inside the vein is much
lower.

They have a wide lumen

The veins have fairly thin outer walls made from tough fibers.

Question 18

What are capillaries?

Answer 18

They exchange nutrients, wastes and gases occur in the capillaries. They are the smallest blood vessels are capillaries and they connect the arteries and veins.

Question 19

What is a feature of capillaries?

Answer 19

The walls of the capillaries
are only one cell thick.

Question 20

Why are capillaries one cell thick?

Answer 20

This allows substances such as oxygen and nutrients to diffuse easily from the capillaries into the cell. At the same time allowing waste products such as carbon dioxide and urea to diffuse from the cells into the capillaries.

Question 21

What are the four components of blood?

Answer 21

Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets, Plasma

Question 22

What is plasma? and what does it do?

Answer 22

The plasma is the liquid part of the blood. It is mainly water (90%) and is pale yellow in color. The plasma form 55% of the total volume of the blood. The plasma is the transport medium for delivering nutrients and oxygen to the cells. Transport waste from the cells to the liver, kidney, and lungs where they can be expelled by the body.

Question 23

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 23

The red blood cells are
responsible for transporting
oxygen around the body.

Question 24

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 24

The white blood cells are
responsible for fighting
infections. Their numbers
increase when there is an
infection in the body.

Question 25

White blood cells are also known as?

Answer 25

leukocytes.

Question 26

What are two types of white blood cells?

Answer 26

Phagocytes – engulf the pathogen, and kill them
and digest them
Lymphocytes – produce chemicals known as
antibodies, that destroy the bacteria.

Question 27

What do platelets do?

Answer 27

The platelets function is to
help with the clotting of the
blood.

Question 28

What does the haemoglobin contain?

Answer 28

It is composed of four protein chains, two alpha chains and two beta chains, each with a ring-like heme group containing an iron atom.

Question 29

Directions of blood flow to make blood oxygenated

Answer 29

Inferior vena cava — Blood enters right atrium which contracts pushing the blood to — Tricuspid valve — Right ventricle contracts pushing blood to the pulmonary valve to the — Pulmonary artery — Lungs

Question 30

Directions of oxygenated blood to get through the body

Answer 30

Lungs — Pulmonary vein — Left atrium — Bicuspid valve — Left ventricle —Aortic Valve — Aorta

Question 31

What are coronary arteries

Answer 31

These branch off the aorta and carry blood into blood capillaries , these capillaries deliver oxygen and glucose to the heart

Question 32

What is the semilunar valves

Answer 32

They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles

Question 33

What is Atherosclerosis

Answer 33

The build up of fatty tissue in the walls of the artieres

Question 34

What is Thrombin

Answer 34

It converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin that forms a mesh over a wound preventing further blood loss

Question 35

What is a coronary heart attack

Answer 35

When a blockage occurs in the coronary artery, that reduces oxygen supply to the muscle stopping its contraction

Question 36

What is cerebral haemorrhage